Character in organizational research: past directions and future prospects

Character (ethos) refers to those interpenetrable habitual qualities within individuals, and applicable to organizations that both constrain and lead them to desire and pursue personal and societal good. In our Incubator article, we undertake two objectives. First, we provide our conceptualization of character; briefly specifying what character is and is not. Second, we introduce several promising directions for organizationally based research on character. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Photomirex: a teratogenicity and tissue distribution study in the rabbit.

Adult New Zealand white does were intubated orally with single daily doses of 0, 5, or 10 mg of photomirex (8-monohydromirex) per kg body weight from the 6th through to the 18th day of gestation. Pregnancies were interrupted at term by cesarian section and fetuses removed and evaluated by following routine teratologic methods. Both maternal and fetal tissues were analyzed for residues of photomirex. None of the treated does showed any sign of toxicity. Except for a significant reduction in the mean fetal weight of the 10 mg/kg group all other parameters which evaluated fetal survival and fetal development were within the control range. Photomirex was found in all tissues examined. In the doe, the highest levels were found in fat followed by liver, kidney, spleen, heart, brain and blood. Photomirex was readily transferred across the placenta and accumulated in the fetus. However, in the fetus the highest levels were found in the heart, followed by liver, brain and blood. There were no teratogenic effects at the doses used in this study.     

A NONLINEAR PROGRAMMING ALGORITHM FOR REAL-TIME HOURLY RESERVOIR OPERATIONS1

ABSTRACT: The optimization of real-time operations for a single reservoir system is studied. The objective is to maximize the sum of hourly power generation over a period of one day subject to constraints of hourly power schedules, daily flow requirement for water supply and other purposes, and the limitations of the facilities. The problem has a nonlinear concave objective function with nonlinear concave and linear constraints. Nonlinear Duality Theorems and Lagrangian Procedures are applied to solve the problem where the minimization of the Lagrangian is carried out by a modified gradient projection technique along with an optimal stepsize determination routine. The dimension of the problem in terms of the number of variables and constraints is reduced by eliminating the 24 continuity equations with a special implicit routine. A numerical example is presented using data provided by the Bureau of Reclamation, Sacramento, California.     

硫酸镁调节SO2衍生物对大鼠海马神经元钠通道的刺激作用

利用全细胞膜片钳技术研究了硫酸镁(MgSO4)对SO2衍生物刺激大鼠海马神经元电压门控性钠通道的调节作用.结果表明,MgSO4对SO2衍生物增大大鼠海马神经元钠电流的效应具有抑制作用,此作用随着SO2衍生物浓度的增加而减弱,随着MgSO4浓度的增加而增强.不同时间加入MgSO4均会显著抑制SO2衍生物增大钠电流的效应,说明MgSO4不仅对SO2衍生物增大钠电流的效应具有抑制作用,而且可即时和延效性地抑制此损伤效应的发生.研究结果提示,硫酸镁对SO2衍生物刺激大鼠海马神经元钠通道具有抑制作用,这可能是MgSO4对SO2引发的中枢神经系统损伤具有防护和治疗作用的机制之一.图4参14     

Spatio-temporal characteristics and control strategies in the early period of COVID-19 spread: a case study of the mainland China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - COVID-19 has caused huge impacts on human health and the economic operation of the world. Analyzing and summarizing the early propagation law can help...     

两种生物炭对稻米中砷累积的影响研究

为探究土壤添加低剂量生物炭对稻米中砷累积的影响及作用机理,使用矿区砷污染土壤添加小麦和棉花秸秆生物炭进行盆栽和模拟试验.盆栽试验结果表明:添加质量分数为0.5％的低剂量小麦和棉花秸秆生物炭,可以降低稻米(糙米)砷浓度(约10％),作用有限.糙米中砷浓度的降低主要是由于其生物量增加所致.模拟试验结果表明:添加质量分数为1％?—?5％的高剂量生物炭可以显著促进土壤中砷释放,相比对照组,生物炭添加组土壤溶液中砷浓度增加了69％?—?243％,推测其可能是生物炭促进了微生物作用下铁氧化物的还原,进而导致砷释放.研究表明:土壤中施加低剂量小麦和棉花秸秆生物炭对减少水稻砷累积作用可能有限,而高剂量可能增加水稻砷污染健康风险.     

Nano Fe2O3 embedded in montmorillonite with citric acid enhanced photocatalytic activity of nanoparticles towards diethyl phthalate

Nano-Fe₂O₃ embedded in montmorillonite particles (Fe-Mt) were prepared to degrade diethyl phthalate (DEP) with citric acid (CA) under xenon light irradiation. Compared to pristine montmorillonite (Na-Mt), the embedding process increased 14.5-fold of iron content and 1.8-fold of specific surface area. The synthesized Fe-Mt have more oxygen vacancies than Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles (nFe₂O₃), which could induce more reactive oxygen species (ROSs) generation in the presence of CA under xenon lamp irradiation. Fe-Mt with CA enhanced photo-assisted degradation of DEP 2.5 times as compared to nFe₂O₃ with CA. Quenching experiments, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and identification of products confirmed that surface-bound ?OH was the main radical to degrade DEP. Common anions (i.e., NO₃^?, CO₃^2?, Cl^?) and humic acid could compete ?OH with DEP and cause slower degradation of DEP. The removal efficiency of DEP was more than 56% with Fe-Mt after three recycles, and the dissolved Fe concentration from Fe-Mt was below 75 μmol/L, indicating Fe-Mt had a good stability as a catalyst. Fe-Mt together with CA appeared to be a promising strategy to remove organic pollutants in surface water, or topsoil under solar irradiation.     

硒和生物炭联合施用降低稻米甲基汞累积的研究

汞矿区土壤汞污染是造成水稻及其他作物中汞累积的主要原因,尤其是稻米中甲基汞的累积已成为当地居民甲基汞暴露的重要途径之一。本文针对含汞废水排放所造成的稻田汞污染情形,分别进行了模拟实验和盆栽试验,探究无机硒、生物炭、硒和生物炭联合施用对降低稻米甲基汞累积的作用效果。结果表明,无论向土壤中添加无机硒,还是生物炭,抑或是两者的组合均能有效降低土壤中甲基汞含量,且随着硒添加量的增加,其相应处理组土壤甲基汞含量不断降低。盆栽试验表明稻米中甲基汞含量因硒或生物炭的添加降低62%～73%（硒处理）、88%（生物炭处理）和90%～91%（硒+生物炭处理）,表明了硒和生物炭共同施用的作用效果要好于单独施用硒的作用效果。这种效果可能与生物炭降低了土壤中甲基汞的生物可利用性有关。总之,本研究为原位修复控制稻田汞污染风险提供了可能途径。     

天水市过去116年气温变化趋势及突变分析

天水位于青藏高原东北部的副热带北部边缘,受大陆性季风气候的影响,生态环境脆弱,是研究全球变化区域响应的理想之地。基于天水市1901—2016年的月平均气温资料,运用一元线性回归、5年滑动平均和Mann-Kendall非参数检验等方法分析了过去116年来天水市气温在不同尺度上的变化特征及突变节点。结果表明：天水市1901—2016年气温总体呈上升趋势,气候倾向率为0.058℃?(10a) ^?1。各季节均表现出增温趋势,春季、夏季、秋季和冬季的线性倾向率分别为0.084℃?(10a) ^?1、0.019℃?(10a) ^?1、0.022℃?(10a) ^?1、0.102℃?(10a) ^?1。最冷月份1月及最热月份7月同样表现出增温趋势,线性倾向率依次为0.085℃?(10a) ^?1、0.038℃?(10a) ^?1。年平均气温在1923年和1993年发生了两次突变。春季和秋季突变年与年平均气温基本一致,夏季气温突变存在超前和滞后现象,冬季突变时间为1978年。最冷月份1月平均气温在1977年发生突变,最热月份7月平均气温突变年份集中在2000年之后。总体而言,天水市过去一百多年来,气温呈上升趋势与全球变暖大背景一致。     

延安市界限温度≥10℃的活动积温变化特征

利用延安气象站1951—2012年日平均气温资料,运用五日滑动平均法、一元线性回归等方法对界限温度≥10℃的初日、终日、持续天数以及活动积温进行了分析,并对初日、终日、持续时间以及活动积温与年平均气温的相关关系进行探讨。结果表明:界限温度≥10℃的初日呈现出提前趋势,气候倾向率为-1.845 d·(10a)~(-1);终日呈现出推迟趋势,变化倾向率为2.437 d·(10a)~(-1);持续时间延长,变化倾向率为4.189 d·(10a)~(-1);活动积温也增加,气候变化倾向率为106.57℃·(10a)~(-1)。界限温度≥10℃的初日、终日、持续时间以及活动积温与年平均气温存在显著相关,其中活动积温与年平均气温相关系数高达0.882,回归分析显示年平均气温每升高1℃时,界限温度≥10℃的活动积温增加217℃。