东亚三角涡虫监测水体重金属污染的可行性研究

随着现代工、农业的快速发展,水体重金属污染已成为全球性的环境问题。对水体重金属污染的现状、来源、危害以及监测方法进行了介绍,并探讨了生物监测技术的优越性。在前人的研究基础上,结合本实验室工作,提出利用东亚三角涡虫(Dugesiaojapoice)作为水体重金属污染监测指示生物的可行性,并对更为灵敏的生物标志物的策略和实验方案进行了展望。     

铁修饰的污泥生物炭对污泥脱水性能的改善效果

为改善城市污水处理厂污泥的脱水性能,采用铁修饰污泥生物炭作为助滤剂,与FeCl₃一起对污泥进行联合调理。以污泥净产率、污泥比阻和泥饼含水率评价污泥脱水性能;通过污泥Zeta电位、扫描电镜、EDS和泥饼可压缩性系数分析该方法的机理;同时,通过对污泥胞外聚合物、重金属以及总氯含量的分析,探究其调理污泥的环境风险,以明确该方法用于改善污泥脱水性能的可行性。结果表明,在500 ℃下制备的铁修饰污泥生物炭(30%)和FeCl₃(12.82%)联合调理时,污泥脱水的效果最佳;与仅用FeCl₃(12.82%)调理的污泥相比,污泥净产率升高了73.38%、污泥比阻降低了68.75%、泥饼含水率降低了9.03%。在较高温度下制备的铁修饰污泥生物炭,其孔隙结构更为发达、表面铁元素含量更高;与FeCl₃联合调理污泥时,更容易发生絮凝,从而使泥饼的渗透性能更好。而且,在联合调理的条件下,污泥中溶解型、松散结合型和紧密结合型胞外聚合物的含量均有所降低;污泥泥饼中重金属(Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn)更为稳定,泥饼热解固相产物和非固相产物中总氯含量降低,环境生态风险更小。采用铁修饰污泥生物炭作为助滤剂,可改善污泥脱水性能,并具有实际应用的潜力。     

Effects of organic matter on Leymus chinensis germination,growth, and urease activity and available nitrogen in coastal saline soil

ABSTRACT

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of three organic matters (stalk powder, microbial fertilizer, and manure) on Leymus chinensis germination, growth, and urease activity and available nitrogen (N) in coastal saline soil. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design with eight treatments: J₀V₀Y₀, J₁V₀Y₀, J₀V₁Y₀, J₀V₀Y₁, J₁V₁Y₀, J₁V₀Y₁, J₀V₁Y₁, J₁V₁Y₁. The notations were based on the quantities of each agent added to 1 kg of coastal saline soil: J₀ – no straw powder, J₁ – 0.2 kg straw powder, Y₀ – no manure, Y₁ – 0.3 kg manure, V₀ – no microbial fertilizer, V₁ – 0.2 L microbial fertilizer, each in quantic repeat. L. chinensis was sown as 50 seeds per pot. Results indicated that addition of organic agents exerted a significantly enhanced germination, increase in fresh weight and elevated soil urease activity. Soil available N levels were significantly positively correlated with soil urease activity and fresh weight, but not with germination rate. It is noteworthy that the halophyte L. chinensis showed improved characteristics when grown in coastal saline soil with addition of organic amendments.     

ABR-生物接触氧化法处理果汁废水实验分析

厌氧式折流反应器(Anaerobic Baffled Reactor,简称ABR)是一种新型高效厌氧反应器,具有工艺技术简单、建设投资费用低、运行管理方便、固液分离效果好、出水水质好、运行稳定可靠、对有毒物质适应性强等优点,是一种极具开发应用前景的废水生物处理新技术。ABR最大的特点是在反应器中设置上下折流板而在水流方向上形成依次串联的隔室,从而使其中的微生物种群沿长度方向的不同隔室实现产酸和产甲烷相的分离。该反应器具有结构简单,截留污泥能力强,系统处理效果稳定,运行管理方便等优点。分析了ABR及ABR与其它工艺的联合在果汁废水处理方面的应用。     

The effects of autophagy in rat tracheal epithelial cells induced by silver nanoparticles

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The massive use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is potentially harmful to exposed humans. Although previous studies have found that AgNPs can induce...     

Authentication of emission monitoring data and optimization of desulfurization in the molybdenum roasting process based on BAT-OOPN and the response surface method

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This paper presents a quantitative pollutant discharge model for a typical molybdenum roasting plant, which combines the best available technology and...     

CO2 dynamic of Lake Donghu highlights the need for long-term monitoring

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Inland freshwater lakes have been widely considered as significant sources of CO2 to the atmosphere. However, long-term measurements of CO2 dynamics...     

ENSO事件对上海降水中氢氧同位素变化的影响

根据2012年1月至2017年2月上海206个降水样品实测数据,结合全球大气降水同位素网络(GNIP)提供的南京、武汉、福州、香港1961~2012年大气降水同位素数据分析不同强弱程度的ENSO事件对降水中同位素组成影响的差异性.研究时段内上海降水中δD与δ~(18)O夏秋为低值,冬春为高值.El Nino事件期间大气降水线的斜率与截距均大于非El Nino事件期间,La Nina事件期间反温度效应、降水量效应、水汽压效应较非La Nina事件期间显著.不同强弱程度的El Nino和La Nina事件影响下的上海降水中δ~(18)O、d值与海洋尼诺指数(ONI)、海表温度距平值(SSTA)、ONI极值、累积值ΣONI这4个指数具有明显的负相关关系,并且降水中δ~(18)O与ONI、SSTA两个指数相关性大小受ENSO事件的影响较大.     

Construction of vesicle CdSe nano-semiconductors photocatalysts with improved photocatalytic activity: Enhanced photo induced carriers separation efficiency and mechanism insight

Visible-light-driven photocatalysis as a green technology has attracted a lot of attention due to its potential applications in environmental remediation. Vesicle Cd Se nano-semiconductor photocatalyst are successfully prepared by a gas template method and characterized by a variety of methods. The vesicle Cd Se nano-semiconductors display enhanced photocatalytic performance for the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride, the photodegradation rate of78.824% was achieved by vesicle Cd Se, which exhibited an increase of 31.779% compared to granular Cd Se. Such an exceptional photocatalytic capability can be attributed to the unique structure of the vesicle Cd Se nano-semiconductor with enhanced light absorption ability and excellent carrier transport capability. Meanwhile, the large surface area of the vesicle Cd Se nano-semiconductor can increase the contact probability between catalyst and target and provide more surface-active centers. The photocatalytic mechanisms are analyzed by active species quenching. It indicates that h+and UO_2~-are the main active species which play a major role in catalyzing environmental toxic pollutants. Simultaneously, the vesicle Cd Se nano-semiconductor had high efficiency and stability.     

数显型电热板加热法在河流高锰酸盐指数应急监测中的应用研究

高锰酸盐指数常被作为地表水体受有机污染物和还原性无机物质污染程度的综合指标.采用数显型电热板加热法测定水中高锰酸盐指数,通过实验确定了加热时间和加热温度.并分别采用水浴法和电热板加热法对应急样品进行了高锰酸盐指数的测定,两种测定方法的比对研究结果表明,应急监测时采用数显型电热板加热法测定耗时更短,检测结果与国标法测定没有显著差异,是可行且有效的应急监测替代方法.