Interaction between BSM-contaminated soils and Italian ryegrass

The interaction among the bensulfuron-methyl, growth of Italian ryegrass, and soil chemical/biochemical/microbiological parameters was investigated in a microcosm experiment. The bensulfuron-methyl added to the soil can be rapidly degraded by certain fungi and actinomycetes present in the original paddy rice soil. The growth of Italian ryegrass significantly accelerated the in-soil degradation of bensulfuron-methyl in its rhizosphere. The uptake of bensulfuron-methyl by ryegrass increased with increasing dosage level of bensulfuron-methyl. However, the phytoextraction of bensulfuron-methyl by ryegrass contributed insignificantly to the total removal of the soil bensulfuron-methyl. Within the dosage range set in this study, the root development of ryegrass was not adversely affected by the presence of the soil bensulfuron-methyl although the fresh biomass of shoot was slightly reduced in the higher dosage treatments. This can be attributed to the adsorption of the added bensulfuron-methyl by soil colloids and consequently the reduction of bensulfuron-methyl level in the soil pore water to a concentration sufficiently lower than the toxic level. The growth of ryegrass significantly increased soil pH and the activities of phosphatase and peroxidase but reduced the EC and the activities of urease in the rhizospheric soil.     

Comparison of the purification performance and microbial community functional diversity in flow-directional-switching and unidirectional-flow biotrickling filters

Because of the characteristics of low operating cost and convenient operation, the biotrickling filter is extensively researched and used to treat low concentration waste gas contaminated by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other odors. In this paper, two laboratory-scale biotrickling filters were constructed and toluene was selected as the sole carbon source, and the effects of different waste-gas flow configuration patterns on the purification capacity and the microbial community functional diversity of biotrickling filters were evaluated. The results indicated that the flow-directional-switching (FDS) biotrickling filter had better purification performance, and the maximum elimination capacity reached 480 g·m^?3·hr^?1, which was 17.1% higher than conventional unidirectional-flow (UF) biotrickling filter. Comparing the purification capacities of different sections in two biotrickling filters, the maximum toluene elimination capacity of section III in FDS system could reach 542 g·m^?3·hr^?1, which was 2.8 times as great as that in UF system, which resulted from the difference of elimination capacity in two systems. By analyzing the metabolic activity of two systems by community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) with Biolog (Biolog Inc., Hayward, CA) ECO-plate technique, metabolic activity in three sections of FDS system was higher than that of UF system. The metabolic activity was the highest in section III of FDS system and 46.8% higher than that of UF system. Shannon index and McIntosh index of section III in FDS system were 6.2% and 31.5% higher, respectively, than those of UF system.

Implications: The flow-directional-switching (FDS) biotrickling filter had a better purification performance than unidirectional-flow (UF) biotrickling filter at high inlet loadings, because FDS produced a more uniform distribution of biomass and microbial metabolic capacity along the length of the packed bed without diminishing activity and removal capacity in the inlet section.     

胶合竹材GluBam甲醛释放影响因素的气候箱实验与分析

胶合竹材GluBam的甲醛释放情况是现代竹结构住宅环保性的一个重要方面,也是竹结构住宅推广中最受关注的指标之一。采用1 m3气候箱对温度、相对湿度和封边情况与GluBam的甲醛释放量和释放速率的相关关系进行了测试,并以一阶单衰减模型为基础提出了GluBam的甲醛释放分析模型。测试和分析结果表明:GluBam板材在各模拟条件下甲醛浓度峰值均小于规范要求;初始甲醛释放量E0和衰减率常数k可以用来评价GluBam的甲醛释放特征;GluBam的醛释放量和释放速率随环境温度和湿度增加而显著增大,且温度因素的影响更大;封边处理可以有效降低GluBam板材的甲醛释放量。     

化学沉淀法强化常规工艺应急去除水中的镉

在常规工艺基础上,通过投加氢氧化钠,实验进行了应急去除重金属镉的研究。实验结果表明,该方法能有效去除饮用水水源的镉,效果稳定,可进行应急处理。对pH、镉初始浓度和混凝剂投加量3个影响因素的灰色关联分析表明,3个因素对镉去除效果影响的大小排序为:滤后水pH>混凝剂投加量>镉初始浓度。在水源镉突发污染时,在原有常规水处理工艺基础上,通过控制滤后水pH可实现对重金属镉的去除,pH的控制值与水源水质有关。     

不同粒径泥沙理化特性对磷吸附过程的影响

以北京大兴南海子湖表层沉积物为研究对象,测试分析了0.147～0.246 mm(细砂)、0.074～0.147 mm(极细砂)、0.0385～0.0740 mm(粉粒)和<0.0385 mm(粉粒粘粒混合物)4种粒径泥沙对磷的吸附行为,并采用相关分析及逐步回归分析探讨不同粒径沉积物中有机质(OM)、Fe、Al、Ca、Mn和TP含量对磷吸附过程的影响。结果表明,二级动力学方程和Langmuir模型能较好地描述南海子不同粒径泥沙的吸附动力学及等温吸附过程(R2>0.90)。粒径对单位质量泥沙吸附磷量具有明显影响,粉粒粘粒混合物>粉粒>细砂>极细砂。总体上,泥沙有机质(OM)、TP、Fe、Al、Ca和Mn含量随粒径的减小而增大,且粘粒对其影响较大。不同粒径泥沙(OM)、Fe、Al、Ca和Mn含量之间存在极显著正相关关系(P<0.01),且均对单位质量泥沙最大吸附量(Xm)和饱和吸附量(Cse)具有正效应,其中Al含量对该参数的影响更为显著。这说明泥沙对磷的吸附行为可能受到粒径和化学成分的共同影响。     

利用CRT屏玻璃制备板状泡沫玻璃

以废旧阴极射线管(CRT屏)为主要原料,混合碳粉作为发泡剂,硼砂为助熔剂、稳泡剂,利用烧结法制备出的板状泡沫玻璃是一种高性能无机建筑保温材料。利用TG-DSC-MS研究分析了CRT屏玻璃的热性能与发泡剂协同作用的关系。配合料被预先压制成板块状,然后在发泡温度下进行烧成。研究了发泡剂碳粉的含量、发泡温度和发泡时间与其结构、性能的关系。研究分析表明,以废CRT屏玻璃为主要原料、碳粉为发泡剂,将混合料压制成块,烧制出板状泡沫玻璃。其较佳的发泡温度为850℃、碳粉的最佳用量范围为0.3%～0.5%,较好的发泡时间为30 min。烧制的板状泡沫玻璃的密度为0.292 g/cm3。在相同的制备条件下,随着发泡温度的升高,气泡孔径也呈现增大趋势,孔壁也逐渐变薄。随着发泡时间逐渐增加,气孔的直径迅速增大,并有形成连通孔。     

改善环保疏浚底泥脱水干化效能的实验研究

采用以硫酸亚铁(FeSO4)为主要成分的复合脱水剂作为疏浚泥浆脱水剂(以下简称脱水剂),黄沙、炉渣、煤灰、石灰和粉煤灰分别作为疏浚底泥干化改良剂进行实验研究。结果表明,在脱水剂投加量为100 mg/L条件下,可以提高沉淀效率约20%;在投加脱水剂及5%石灰、粉煤灰、炉渣改良剂的条件下,底泥比阻值下降50%～70%;初期渗水速率提高6%～68%;与原泥相比,以黄沙、炉渣、煤灰为改良剂的底泥,经过4个月干化期后,承载力提高了30%～150%。本研究为疏浚底泥快速脱水干化提供了一种可行的技术途径。     

高浓度氨氮废水好氧反硝化反应的基本条件

文章通过室内实验,对高浓度氨氮废水(垃圾渗滤液)间歇曝气,在只存在有机碳、无机氮的条件下进行好氧反硝化脱氮研究。实验结果表明:垃圾渗滤液中存在好氧反硝化土著微生物菌落;发生好氧反硝化的基本条件为在溶解氧充足的条件下间歇曝气;碳源不仅是厌氧反硝化所必须的,同样也是好氧反硝化的必要条件。     

油井远程监控与综合评价系统开发

为解决油田管理中面临的用工总量多、生产建设成本高和管理难度大的问题,胜利油田进行了大规模数字化建设。通过电参数、示功图、产液量自动采集传输,对油井进行综合评价分析,提出节电意见,确保油井安全正常运转,有效地减少了油田生产用工需求,进一步促进了油田管理的现代化。     

单标多点校正组合英蓝超滤测定地表水中多种阴离子

建立了利用组合单标多点校正和英蓝超滤单元的离子色谱法测定地表水中F-、C1-、NO3-、S0424—4-种离子的方法,方法操作简便,灵敏度高,线性范围广,抗干扰能力强,可同时快速测定不同数量级浓度的离子,降低了配置标准品和样品前处理的复杂性,减少了因前处理带来的干扰。