长江上游曲麻莱至玉树段春秋季浮游植物群落结构及多样性评价

于2012年春季（4月）和秋季（10月）对长江上游曲麻莱至玉树段的浮游植物进行初步研究。结果显示：浮游植物共3门62种（属），以硅藻门最多，42种（属），占678%，其次是绿藻门11种（属），占177%，蓝藻门9种（属），占145%。浮游植物优势种为普通等片藻（Diatoma vulgare）、长等片藻（Diatoma elongatum）、尖针杆藻（Synedra acus）、曲壳藻（Achnanthes sp）、舟形藻（Navicula sp）、桥弯藻（Cymbella sp）、脆杆藻（Fragilaria sp）、直链藻（Melosira sp）、异极藻（Gomphonem sp）、菱形藻（Hantzchia sp）、小环藻（Cyclotella sp）、小颤藻（Oscillatoria tenuis）、席藻（Phormidium sp）和小球藻（Chlorella sp）14种，其中硅藻门12种（属），占优势种类的786%。浮游植物种类组成的季节变化不明显，春季（4月）和秋季（10月）均以硅藻为优势种群。浮游植物平均数量3487×104 cells/L，平均生物量0138 8 mg/L，硅藻数量和生物量分别占8786%和9668%,为优势种群。浮游植物现存量表现为春季高于秋季，支流高于干流。Shannon Wiener指数平均值251，Pielou指数平均值070，Marggalef指数平均值089，Shannon Wiener指数、Pielou指数和Marggalef指数是秋季高于春季。结合浮游植物各项评价指标，得出长江上游曲麻莱至玉树段浮游植物群落结构比较稳定，种类分布较为均匀，水体属贫营养型，水域生态环境良好     

Oxidative stress and genotoxicity of 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium chloride on loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)

This study was a preliminary step to evaluate the acute toxicity of 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium chloride ([C₈mim]Cl) on loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) by determining the effects on hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities and by the comet assay. The results showed that [C₈mim]Cl had acute toxicity at concentrations above 20 mg L^?1, inducing oxidative stress and genotoxicity on fish liver cells. In respect to enzyme activities, [C₈mim]Cl induced changes in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione content the livers of fish exposed at 20–80 mg L^?1. [C₈mim]Cl at the same exposure level caused a remarkable increase in malondialdehyde level. The comet assay indicated that [C₈mim]Cl at 20–80 mg L^?1 induced genotoxicity in liver cells. With increased exposure concentration and time, the two comet parameters trailing rate and tail moment were significantly increased, with significant differences (P < 0.05) observed between control group and each treatment group. The present study shows that ionic liquids can be a threat to the health of aquatic organism when accidentally released to aquatic ecosystems.     

中药废水处理工程实例

在中药的生产过程中会排放大量的废水.目前,国内有关中药废水处理的文献较少,因此有必要对中药废水的处理进行研究.在此介绍了某中药废水处理的工程实例.该中药废水具有水量水质变化较大,排放无规律的特点.采用水解酸化-CASS-BAF-组合净水池工艺对其进行处理；平均进水p(CODCr,)=2 500 mg/L,平均出水p(CODCr)=47 mg/L,CODCr平均去除率为98.1％.实践结果表明:该工艺处理效果较好,占地省,便于维护管理,运行稳定,出水水质达到北京市地方标准DB 11/307-2005《水污染物排放标准》表1中二级限值标准.     

污水自动监测系统在企业中的应用

介绍了污水自动监测系统的基本组成及相对于传统采样监测的优势，并就系统在企业中的应用实例和取得的明显效果进行综述。     

Local Area Quotas for Industrial Emissions along Reaches of the Pearl River in Guangdong

There is an obvious departure from the regional equilibrium of developments between the upper and lower reaches of the Pearl River in Guangdong, which resulted in ＂the effects of contra-geography-grads development＂. It is mainly because the upriver mountainous areas have been deeply stuck in industrialization delay and marginalization plights, so that nearly 40 million local people have conceived a dream to get rid of ＂the vicious circle of poverty＂ by speeding up industrial development. But the problem is that such industrialization efforts on a large scale in mountainous areas are encountering the bottleneck of environmental capacity that strictly limits industrial emissions along the upper reaches of any water system. As a solution, an institutional arrangement called ＂the Local Area Quotas for Industrial Emissions along the Pearl River＂ is put forward supposed to give corresponding compensation to the rights of industrial development yielded by some areas with lower environmental capacity through the distribution and trading of IDQs.     

有机物辛醇／水分配系数的计算方法：分子碎片常数法

辛醇／水分配系数是表征有机污染物环境行为的重要参数之一，本文应用于碎片常数计算了１３０余个有机化合物的辛醇／水分配系数对数值，通过计算值与实测值的比较发现，两者之间表现出相当好的一致性，其平均绝对误差为０．１３５，此外，还探讨了该方法应用于不同类型有机污染物时需要注意的问题。