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981.
River channel migration and cutoff events within large river riparian corridors create heterogeneous and biologically diverse
landscapes. However, channel stabilization (riprap and levees) impede the formation and maintenance of riparian areas. These
impacts can be mitigated by setting channel constraints away from the channel. Using a meander migration model to measure
land affected, we examined the relationship between setback distance and riparian and off-channel aquatic habitat formation
on a 28-km reach of the Sacramento River, California, USA. We simulated 100 years of channel migration and cutoff events
using 11 setback scenarios: 1 with existing riprap and 10 assuming setback constraints from about 0.5 to 4 bankfull channel
widths (bankfull width: 235 m) from the channel. The percentage of land reworked by the river in 100 years relative to current
(riprap) conditions ranged from 172% for the 100-m constraint setback scenario to 790% for the 800-m scenario. Three basic
patterns occur as the setback distance increases due to different migration and cutoff dynamics: complete restriction of cutoffs,
partial restriction of cutoffs, and no restriction of cutoffs. Complete cutoff restriction occurred at distances less than
about one bankfull channel width (235 m), and no cutoff restriction occurred at distances greater than about three bankfull
widths (∼700 m). Managing for point bars alone allows the setbacks to be narrower than managing for cutoffs and aquatic habitat.
Results suggest that site-specific “restriction of cutoff” thresholds can be identified to optimize habitat benefits versus
cost of acquired land along rivers affected by migration processes. 相似文献
982.
From 1992–1996, 3204 artificial roosts of 9 types were placed in woodlots near Indianapolis International Airport in an effort
to provide habitat for the federally-endangered Indiana myotis (Myotis sodalis) and to determine the feasibility of using these structures to manage bats in a rapidly developing suburban area. We surveyed
these structures at least annually during 1992–1999 and found only northern myotis (Myotis septentrionalis) regularly using the structures. Four other species were occasionally found using structures including big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus, n = 14 individuals), little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus, n = 2), Indiana myotis (Myotis sodalis, n = 2), and one silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans). Single, triple, and Missouri-style batboxes were almost always used, rather than the six other types of experimental roosts
that had been in place. However, after 10 years in place, it appears that Indiana bats are acclimated to boxes, as 6 of them
were being used rather regularly by Indiana myotis. Bat boxes can provide roosting habitat for some species under conditions
where few suitable roosts exist, but assuring an abundance of natural habitats is usually more desirable for conservation
of tree-roosting bats. 相似文献
983.
984.
好氧颗粒污泥膜生物反应器的运行特性 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
以人工合成模拟废水对好氧颗粒污泥膜生物反应器(MBR)的运行特性和膜污染进行了研究.结果表明:在HRT为6h,溶氧浓度为4~6mg.L-1,COD的容积负荷为7.24kg·(m3·d)-1的条件下,COD的去除率可达96%以上.当NH3-N的容积负荷为0.17kg·(m3·d)-1时,NH3-N的去除率可达60%.COD/N比的变化,对好氧颗粒污泥MBR的COD及NH3-N去除率基本没有影响.稳定运行过程时,MBR中好氧颗粒污泥浓度(MLSS)基本维持在14~16mg·L-1.较高的污泥浓度和颗粒污泥内部缺氧和厌氧环境的存在,使MBR中硝化和反硝化过程能同时存在.同时,比较了2种不同形态的活性污泥(颗粒污泥和絮状污泥)在MBR运行过程中膜通量的变化趋势,结果表明,颗粒污泥MBR膜通量的下降速度明显比絮状污泥MBR的下降速度慢很多,且通过空气反冲或用水清洗即可使通量基本恢复. 相似文献
985.
焚烧飞灰磷灰石药剂稳定化技术研究 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
对垃圾焚烧飞灰的全组分和浸出特性进行了分析,表明焚烧飞灰含有多种重金属,其中Pb、Zn和Cd等的浸出毒性分别达到11.8、164.9和31.2mg/L,远高于危险废物浸出毒性标准.实验选择新型无机稳定化药剂———磷灰石对焚烧飞灰的重金属稳定化效果进行研究,结果表明:在磷灰石投加量7%时,处理后焚烧飞灰的重金属浸出毒性(部分样品除镉外)均达到了危险废物填埋入场控制限值;焚烧飞灰的稳定化效果与磷灰石的粒径有关,当其粒径为200目时能够取得较好的稳定化效果;稳定化产物在养护时间1d后,其重金属浸出浓度不再改变;实验证明在pH 3~11范围内稳定化产物都具有较好的稳定化效果,减少了稳定化产物在环境条件下的二次污染的风险. 相似文献
986.
采用多针-板式电极,在70 m3/h烟气流量范围内,研究了水蒸气浓度、烟气流量、电场强度等因素对不饱和水蒸气正直流电晕放电烟气脱硫率的影响以及水蒸气电晕放电对脉冲放电烟气脱硫率的提高.研究结果表明,实验范围内,按照NH3∶SO2摩尔比为2∶1添加NH3的条件下,增加水蒸气流量、增强电场强度、减少烟气流量,烟气脱硫率能提高10%,达到60%左右.同时,水蒸气电晕放电能使脉冲放电的烟气脱硫率提高5%左右,达到90%以上. 相似文献
987.
988.
城市污水处理中活性污泥法污泥膨胀原因及控制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍传统活性污泥中常见的污泥膨胀现象及起因,确定丝状菌活性在污泥膨胀中所起的作用,并给出了相应的预防和控制措施。 相似文献
989.
990.
In order to develop a catalyst with high activity for catalytic wet oxidation (CWO) process at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by consecutive impregnation method and the prepared parameters were optimized. The structure of the catalyst was characterized by BET, XRF, SEM and XPS technologies, and the actual wastewater was used to investigate the catalytic activity of Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 in CWO process. The experimental results showed that the prepared catalyst exhibited good catalytic activity when the doping amount of Ti was 1.0 wt% (the weight ratio of Ti to carriers), and the middle product, CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3, was calcined in 450℃ for 2 h. The CWO experiment for treating actual dye wastewater indicated that the COD, color and TOC of actual wastewater were decreased by 62.23%, 50.12% and 41.26% in 3 h,respectively, and the ratio of BOD5/COD was increased from 0.19 to 0.30. 相似文献