Dynamics of the lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin, China, since late nineteenth century

The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin have the most representative and largest concentration of freshwater lakes in China. However, the size and number of these lakes have changed considerably over the past century due to the natural and anthropogenic impact. The lakes, larger than 10 km² in size, were chosen from relief maps and remotely sensed images in 1875, 1950, 1970, 1990, 2000, and 2008 to study the dynamics of lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin and to examine the causes and consequences of these changes. Results indicated that there was a dramatic reduction in lake areas, which decreased by 7,841.2 km² (42.64 %) during the study period (1875–2008), and the number of lakes in this region changed moderately. Meanwhile, a large number of lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin were directly converted into paddy fields, ponds, building lands, or other land-use types over the study period. Therefore, all kinds of lake reclamation should be identified as the major driving factors for the loss of lake in this region. Furthermore, flooding, soil erosion, and sedimentation were also the main factors which triggered lake changes in different periods. Some wetland conservation and restoration projects have been implemented since the 1970s, but they have not reversed the lake degradation. These findings were of great importance to managers involved in making policy for the conservation of lake ecosystems and the utilization of lake resources.     

核电站温排水遥感监测方法研究——以田湾核电站为例

以江苏省连云港田湾核电站为主要研究区,通过热红外遥感技术研究温排水热污染现象,综合应用美国Landsat卫星热红外波段数据及地面气象测站资料,定量反演核电站建成前后附近海域水温分布与变化情况。研究结果表明,遥感技术完全能够满足温排水监测要求,对于完善近岸海域生态环境保护工作具有积极意义。     

基于熵权综合健康指数法的瀛湖水生态系统健康评估

瀛湖是南水北调丹江口水库重要的水源涵养区,承担着丹江口水库60%的供水量,又是沿线乡镇和安康市城区饮用水水源地。在充分调查的基础上,采用综合健康指数法对1986—2012年之间瀛湖的水生态系统健康状况进行了评估,结果表明,1986—2005年,瀛湖水生态系统健康指数呈逐渐下降趋势,健康状态由健康降至一般病态;2005—2012年之间,瀛湖水生态系统健康指数总体呈上升趋势,健康状态除2010年为一般病态外,其余均为亚健康状态。     

“MMA”技术路线在太湖蓝藻水华监测中的应用

通过对3S技术整合,提出"MMA"技术路线应用于蓝藻水华监测,包括监测、测绘、分析等关键步骤。对太湖蓝藻水华研究结果表明,总体规律一致,但又有所差异。一方面,太湖蓝藻密度(CBD)、叶绿素a(Chl-a)及水华频率分布图结果均呈现"西高东低"的空间分布规律;另一方面,太湖湖心区CBD和Chl-a浓度亦较高,而遥感监测后的水华频率图显示为无水华或频率小于1%。故应参照"MMA"技术路线,综合应用3S技术,并核验比对,弥补单项技术存在的不足,全面真实反映藻类水华情况。"MMA"技术路线既适用于水华监测,亦可推广至其他环境监测工作。     

活性炭纤维处理腐植酸废水

采用活性碳纤维处理腐植酸模拟废水,通过静态吸附和动态吸附的研究,测定吸附等温线和动态吸附曲线;研究不同温度、不同活性炭纤维、不同pH值和流速对处理效果的影响。     

新建住宅小区噪声验收监测方法初探

住宅小区噪声监测是近年来房地产验收过程中的重要环节,围绕新建住宅小区噪声验收监测方法、评价标准、布点原则等方面进行初步探讨,并根据某住宅小区噪声验收监测实例,提出了相应的建议。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定大气中98种挥发性有机物

通过色谱-质谱联用法(简称GC-MS),利用低温冷阱技术对大气中的VOCs进行浓缩富集,然后经过加热解吸分别至毛细管色谱柱和FID检测器及MS检测器,对大气中98种挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)进行分离、定性、定量测定。方法检出限为0.008×10-9~0.100×10-9(V/V);线性相关系数的平方值为0.992 7~1,相对标准偏差为4.0%~20.2%,总体标准偏差为0.154 2~0.952 1。     

Production of Curdlan Grown on Cassava Starch Waste Hydrolysates

Cassava starch waste hydrolysates (CSWHs) with different degrees of polymerisation, i.e., CSWHs-1, CSWHs-2 and CSWHs-3, were prepared through the hydrolysis of cassava starch waste with thermostable a-amylase from Thermococcus sp. HJ21. The prepared CSWHs were then used as a carbon source for curdlan production with Alcaligenes faecalis ATCC 31749. The amount of curdlan produced and the glucosyltransferase activity during curdlan synthesis increased more obviously when CSWHs-2 was used as the carbon source than when glucose was used. Using both carbon sources, the maximum curdlan production was observed at day 5, and the maximum glucosyltransferase activity was observed at day 4. Glucosyltransferase activity decreased thereafter, and biomass continued to increase until the end of the experiment (day 6). Results indicated that the enhanced curdlan production with CSWHs as the carbon source was highly correlated with glucosyltransferase activity.     

南京典型站点春季大气颗粒物数谱分布特征

利用TSI公司的APS和SMPS系统,于2017年4月在江苏省环境监测中心点位连续一个月进行大气颗粒物数谱观测,结果表明,南京市春季典型月份大气颗粒物数浓度和体积浓度均值分别为1.64×104cm~(-3)和1.65×106μm~3/m~3;核模态、爱根核膜态、积聚模态和粗粒子模态数浓度占比分别为22.72%,53.52%,23.72%和0.05%,体积浓度占比分别为0.01%,1.76%,55.82%和42.41%;颗粒物数浓度平均日变化呈现双峰结构;PM_(2.5)体积浓度和质量浓度具有高度相关性;存在明显的新生粒子事件,3~10 nm颗粒物数浓度小时均值短时7 500 cm~(-3)。     

“十二五”时期中国碳排放强度累积目标完成率分析

以中国大陆30个省市(自治区)为例,以2010年为基准年,在ESTDA的框架下,运用ESDA、LISA时间路径和LISA时空跃迁等方法分析了2011~2015年碳排放强度累积目标完成率的时空动态特征,同时,利用空间误差模型和地理加权回归模型分析了中国省域碳排放强度累积目标完成率的影响因素。结果表明：（1)中国省域碳排放强度累积目标完成率存在显著的空间差异性和空间自相关性;(2）东部地区具有相对稳定的局部空间结构;在空间依赖方向上,北京稳定性最强,新疆波动性最大;(3）中国省域碳排放强度累积目标完成率空间格局演化的整合性较弱,稳定性较强,协同高增长省域主要分布在中西部地区,协同低增长省域主要分布在东部地区;（4)影响中国省域碳排放强度累积目标完成率的重要因素是产业结构、能源强度、能源自给度和能源消费结构。 关键词： 碳排放强度累积目标完成率;时空动态;LISA时间路径;LISA时空跃迁;地理加权回归模型