抚顺市环境噪声现状及控制对策

本文以抚顺市1996年2005年的噪声监测资料为依据，分析了抚顺市的环境噪声污染现状、特征，指出存在的主要问题是：社会生活噪声突出、交通噪声污染显著。并据此探索合理的防治措施——噪声控制规划纳入城市发展规划及强化城市环境噪声管理。     

抚顺市地表水系特征与污染源分析

掌握了解水系和水污染源状况，以便更好地控制水污染、保护水环境、合理利用水资源。发展工农业生产等具有重要战略意义。对抚顺市水系和水污染源进行了调查，结果表明：发源于抚顺市的河流5条，分别属于辽河水系、鸭绿江水系和黑龙江水系。水库120座，工业废水排放总量为4752．0975t／a。     

无烟锅厨房油烟的终结者?

锅，对每个人而言再熟悉不过了．这种日常生活必不可少的厨具，从形状到功用，并没有随时代浪潮而发生大的变化。当微波炉、电磁炉．电饭煲演绎灶具革命的时候，锅一直默默无闻地坚守着职责，把生米做成熟饭，把菜蔬变成美味，犒劳我们的脾胃。[编者按]     

中国经济增长最大的风险是资源不足

中国经济增长最大的风险是资源不足，按照已经探明的自然资源总量估计的资源价值，中国是5万亿美元，远远比不上俄罗斯的300万亿美元。按照人均资源中国就更是少得可怜。寄希望于科技进步，如氢燃料，转基因、海水淡化，由于成本限制在15年内应用价值不大。把污染环境，消耗资源最大的重化工业，如钢铁、造纸、化工等向海外迁移，是一个重要的大战略，但国内生产速度要下降，外国能够接纳多少也未可知。如果是投资带移民，对中国利益最大，但必然要受到外国的强烈反对。     

环氧丙烷工业发展亟需破解环境难题

提到环氧丙烷，一般人都会感觉陌生。作为一种化工产品，它是生产非离子表面活性剂、油田破乳剂、农药乳化剂等的主要原料，与我们的生活息息相关。     

华南植物园--大自然的绿色馈赠

植物用它的绿色赋予地球以生机,千奇百怪的形状、万紫千红的颜色、或淡雅或浓郁的芳香,是大自然对人类的一种馈赠.由于自然进化规律的支配,这种馈赠以其多样性致胜,使天才和艺术家为之汗颜.     

Distribution and source analysis of aluminum in rivers near Xi’an City, China

To study the status and source of aluminum (Al) contamination, a total of 21 sampling sites along six rivers near Xi’an City (Shaanxi province, China) were investigated during 2008–2010. The results indicated that the average concentration of total Al (Al_t) in the six rivers increased by 1.6 times from 2008 to 2010. The spatial distribution of Al_t concentrations in the rivers near Xi’an City was significantly different, ranged from 367 μg/L (Bahe River) to 1,978 μg/L (Taiping River). The Al_t concentration was highest near an industrial area for pulp and paper-making (2,773 μg/L), where the Al level greatly exceeded the water quality criteria of both the USA (Criterion Continuous Concentration, 87 μg/L) and Canada (100 μg/L). The average concentration of inorganic monometric aluminum (Al_im) was 72 μg/L which would pose threats to fishes and other aquatic lives in the rivers. The concentrations of exchangeable Al (Al_ex) in the sediment of the Taiping River sampled were relatively high, making it to be an alternative explanation of increasing Al concentrations in the rivers near Xi’an City. Furthermore, an increasing Al level has been detected in the upstream watershed near Xi’an City in recent years, which might indicate another notable pollution source of Al.     

Blood mercury concentration among residents of a historic mercury mine and possible effects on renal function: a cross-sectional study in southwestern China

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate blood mercury (B-Hg) concentration of residents living in the vicinity of Chatian mercury mine (CMM) in southwestern China and to assess the possible effects on renal function. It evaluates the effects of gender and age (children, <18 years; adults, 18–60 years; elderly, >60 years) on the B-Hg and serum creatinine (SCR) and serum urea nitrogen (SUN) levels. In the CMM, elevated levels were found for B-Hg, SCR, and SUN with mean values at 6.09 μg/L, 74.21 μmol/L, and 13.26 mmol/L, which were significantly higher than those in the control area, respectively. Moreover, the coefficients between paired results for B-Hg and SCR and SUN levels were positive at statistical significance (B-Hg vs. SCR, r?=?0.45, p?<?0.01; B-Hg vs. SUN, r?=?0.20, p?<?0.05). The aforementioned results revealed that mercury exposure can cause human renal function impairment. B-Hg, SCR, and SUN can also be useful biomarkers to assess the extent of mercury exposure among residents in areas with extensive mining activities. Furthermore, data analysis revealed that there was a tendency for higher B-Hg, SCR, and SUN levels in females than in males, and the levels of B-Hg, SCR, and SUN increased among the older residents. We conclude that females and the elderly in the mining area were more susceptible to mercury exposure, and therefore, they deserve further research.     

Accuracy and uncertainty assessment on geostatistical simulation of soil salinity in a coastal farmland using auxiliary variable

Understanding the spatial soil salinity aids farmers and researchers in identifying areas in the field where special management practices are required. Apparent electrical conductivity measured by electromagnetic induction instrument in a fairly quick manner has been widely used to estimate spatial soil salinity. However, methods used for this purpose are mostly a series of interpolation algorithms. In this study, sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS) and sequential Gaussian co-simulation (SGCS) algorithms were applied for assessing the prediction accuracy and uncertainty of soil salinity with apparent electrical conductivity as auxiliary variable. Results showed that the spatial patterns of soil salinity generated by SGS and SGCS algorithms showed consistency with the measured values. The profile distribution of soil salinity was characterized by increasing with depth with medium salinization (EC_e 4–8 dS/m) as the predominant salinization class. SGCS algorithm privileged SGS algorithm with smaller root mean square error according to the generated realizations. In addition, SGCS algorithm had larger proportions of true values falling within probability intervals and narrower range of probability intervals than SGS algorithm. We concluded that SGCS algorithm had better performance in modeling local uncertainty and propagating spatial uncertainty. The inclusion of auxiliary variable contributed to prediction capability and uncertainty modeling when using densely auxiliary variable as the covariate to predict the sparse target variable.     

Heavy metal contamination in a vulnerable mangrove swamp in South China

Concentrations of six heavy metals (Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd, Cr, and Pb) in sediments and fine roots, thick roots, branches, and leaves of six mangrove plant species collected from the Futian mangrove forest, South China were measured. The results show that both the sediments and plants in Futian mangrove ecosystem are moderately contaminated by heavy metals, with the main contaminants being Zn and Cu. All investigated metals showed very similar distribution patterns in the sediments, implying that they had the same anthropogenic source(s). High accumulations of the heavy metals were observed in the root tissues, especially the fine roots, and much lower concentrations in the other organs. This indicates that the roots strongly immobilize the heavy metals and (hence) that mangrove plants possess mechanisms that limit the upward transport of heavy metals and exclude them from sensitive tissues. The growth performance of propagules and 6-month-old seedlings of Bruguiera gymnorhiza in the presence of contaminating Cu and Cd was also examined. The results show that this plant is not sufficiently sensitive to heavy metals after its propagule stage for its regeneration and growth to be significantly affected by heavy metal contamination in the Futian mangrove ecosystem. However, older mangrove seedlings appeared to be more metal-tolerant than the younger seedlings due to their more efficient exclusion mechanism. Thus, the effects of metal contamination on young seedlings should be assessed when evaluating the risks posed by heavy metals in an ecosystem.