废水处理用生物填料的研究进展

概述了废 (污 )水处理用生物填料的现状和发展 ,并针对现今水处理用生物填料存在的亲水性和生物亲和性(活性 )不足这一问题 ,提出了解决办法和发展方向 ,指出生物亲和亲水活性磁种填料的应用 ,可望大大提高废水生物降解的效率。     

基于MBBR技术的白酒窖底废水与低C/N生活污水协同处理系统的构建及功能微生物分析

为解决低C/N污水和高浓度白酒废水(HCBW)处理所面临的问题,采用移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR),构建了白酒窖底废水与模拟低C/N生活污水协同处理系统,以改性海绵填料和流化床填料分别探究HCBW作为反硝化外加碳源对低C/N生活污水处理的影响。结果表明：海绵填料协同处理系统(A1)对COD、${\rm{NH}}_4^+ $-N、TN和色度的平均去除率分别为91.29%、99.08%、89.81%和80.66%,流化床填料系统(A2)的平均去除率分别为90.51%、98.58%、75.73%和76.07%,改性海绵填料的去除效果优于流化床填料;混合废水经过MBBR系统处理后,${\rm{NH}}_4^+ $和TN得到了有效去除,出水中的醇类、硫酸盐和磷酸盐物质的相对比例有一定程度增加;协同处理系统A1和A2的硝化优势菌属均为Nakamurella、Nitrospira,反硝化优势菌属均为Amaricoccus、Dokdonella和Thermomonas,可能参与有机物去除的优势功能菌属均为Micropruina。通过功能预测得出：协同处理系统A1、A2中的主要代谢通路均为氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢和能量代谢,主要的环境信息处理通路均为复制与修复和转译,主要的遗传信息处理通路均为膜运输。以上研究结果可为HCBW的资源化利用、低C/N生活污水处理提供参考。     

化学混凝法去除稠油废水中的硅

以新疆油田稠油废水为研究对象,采用化学混凝除硅方法对稠油废水进行处理。实验结果表明:采用锌复合混凝剂的混凝、软化及镁剂除硅相结合的方法具有较好的除硅效果。确定了最佳除硅配方:NaOH的加入量为500~600mg/L,除硅剂MgCl2.6H2O的加入量为700~800mg/L,锌复合混凝剂加入量为100~150mg/L,处理后废水中SiO2的质量浓度小于50mg/L,达到热采锅炉的用水标准。     

Mathematical modelling of sewage sludge incineration in a bubbling fluidised bed with special consideration for thermally-thick fuel particles

Fluidised bed combustor (FBC) is one of the key technologies for sewage sludge incineration. In this paper, a mathematical model is developed for the simulation of a large-scale sewage sludge incineration plant. The model assumes the bed consisting of a fast-gas phase, an emulsion phase and a fuel particle phase with specific consideration for thermally-thick fuel particles. The model further improves over previous works by taking into account throughflow inside the bubbles as well as the floating and random movement of the fuel particles inside the bed. Validation against both previous lab-scale experiments and operational data of a large-scale industrial plant was made. Calculation results indicate that combustion split between the bed and the freeboard can range from 60/40 to 90/10 depending on the fuel particle distribution across the bed height under the specific conditions. The bed performance is heavily affected by the variation in sludge moisture level. The response time to variation in feeding rate is different for different parameters, from 6min for outlet H(2)O, 10min for O(2), to 34min for bed temperature.     

岩豆凝集素的纯化及其分子残基的化学修饰和活性关系

岩豆种子经侵取、硫酸铵分级、ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素离子交换和ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１００分子筛层析，获得ＦＰＬＣ上单一的凝集素样品，对此纯化的凝集素样品用Ｎ－溴代丁二酰亚胺、Ｎ－乙基顺丁烯二酰亚胺、二流苏糖醇，碘乙酸和对氯汞苯甲酸修饰其分子内的色氨酸和巯基．经计算，该凝集素分子内含有４个色氨酸和２４个流基，当色氨酸被修饰后其凝集活性全部丧失，而巯基被修饰后对其凝血活性无任何影响，表明巯基与凝集素分子的凝血活性无关，而色氨酸则是凝集活性所必需的基团．     

浙江嘉善东部区域盛家湾河道缓冲带及水生态修复实践

河流生态修复是改善水质和维持河流生态系统稳定的重要措施,是贯彻落实“十四五”重点流域水生态环境保护总体要求的重要举措。以嘉善姚庄镇俞汇塘支流盛家湾河道为研究对象,探讨了河流缓冲带与水生态修复工程实践。针对该区域生态空间严重被挤占、部分河段生境受损严重、生物多样性降低、河道水质不稳定等环境问题,提出了以保护—修复—发展为创新思路的盛家湾河道生态修复工程总体方案;以全面提升河道的水生态环境质量、构建健康稳定的水生态系统为修复目标,实施了面源污染阻控、生态空间恢复以及水生态修复等工程,其中包括面积为17 700 m²的人工湿地及2 200 m长的生态植草沟建设,约30 m宽和1 480 m长的陆域植被缓冲带构建,1 210 m长的河岸线生态化改造,以及面积为20 400 m²的水下森林生态修复工程。通过盛家湾河道的生态修复,全面改善了盛家湾区域的生态环境,实现了“水清岸绿”,恢复了水体的生物多样性。

     

化学消毒法与医疗废物处理

本文介绍了医疗废物化学消毒处理技术和标准要求,并对采用该方法处理医疗废物在我国的应用提出了相关建议。     

Hawaiian Residents’ Preferences for Miconia Control Program Attributes Using Conjoint Choice Experiment and Latent Class Analysis

Invasive species control or eradication is an important issue. On the islands of Hawaii, this problem is exceedingly evident when it comes to Miconia calvescens (Miconia). Adequate funding is needed to control or eradicate this invasive plant, but with the limited amount of funding available for the fight against Miconia, it is important to make sure that the fund is being spent in a way that addresses the needs or preferences of the Hawaiian residents. Using the conjoint choice experiment method, we designed a survey that would measure the Hawaiian residents’ willingness to support Miconia control program attributes. The attributes focused on were cost, biodiversity loss, extent of spread and soil erosion. Latent class approach was used to assess the surveyed population to see the different preferences by individual classes. The results show three different classes or groups of individuals with varying preferences for a control program of which cost and erosion were the top preferred attributes among the classes. These groups were defined by their socio-demographics of income, the length of residency and exposure to farming/gardening activities. Even with a preference for lower cost, a group showed willingness to pay more ($2.40) for a program that reduces erosion from high to low. Finally, the biodiversity attribute had very low consideration from a majority of the respondents showing the need for educating the public regarding its importance in preserving the unique environment in Hawaii.