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881.
Gas-liquid phase partitioning is a key physical property that can predict the environmental fate of a compound between two phases. Several environmental factors have been known to affect the gas-liquid phase partitioning. We investigated the influence of surfactant on the gas-liquid phase partitioning of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). The surfactant used was ammonium perfluorooctanoate (APFO). H(2)O(2) solution containing the surfactant was equilibrated in a closed system and gas phase H(2)O(2) concentration was measured by the peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence (PO-CL) method. Gas phase H(2)O(2) concentrations remained constant below the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and increased linearly with surfactant concentration above the CMC, which indicated that surfactant micelles influenced the gas-liquid phase partitioning of H(2)O(2). This result showed that H(2)O(2)-micelle interactions are less favorable than H(2)O(2)-H(2)O interactions. Surfactant monomers did not affect the gas-liquid phase partitioning of H(2)O(2) due to the absence of micelles. Solvent (methanol) effect was also investigated and showed that gas phase H(2)O(2) concentrations increased with the addition of solvent. This indicated the unfavorable interaction of H(2)O(2) with hydrophobic medium compared to hydrophilic one. It is consistent with the result that H(2)O(2)-micelles has a weaker interaction than H(2)O(2)-water because surfactant micelles are hydrocarbon-like organic phase rather than aqueous phase. 相似文献
882.
Liu H He K Wang Q Huo H Lents J Davis N Nikkila N Chen C Osses M He C 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2007,57(10):1172-1177
Vehicle emission inventory is a critical element for air quality study. This study created systemic methods to establish a vehicle emission inventory in Chinese cities. The methods were used to obtain credible results of vehicle activity in Beijing and Shanghai. On the basis of the vehicle activity data, the International Vehicle Emission model is used to establish vehicle emission inventories. The emissions analysis indicates that 3 t of particulate matter (PM), 199 t of nitrogen oxides (NO(x)), 192 t of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and 2403 t of carbon monoxide (CO) are emitted from on-road vehicles each day in Beijing, whereas 4 t of PM, 189 t of NO(x), 113 t of VOCs, and 1009 t of CO are emitted in Shanghai. Although common features were found in these two cities (many new passenger cars and a high taxi proportion in the fleet), the emission results are dissimilar because of the different local policy regarding vehicles. The method to quantify vehicle emission on an urban scale can be applied to other Chinese cities. Also, knowing how different policies can lead to diverse emissions is beneficial knowledge for other city governments. 相似文献
883.
Yang YH Lin SJ Lewis C 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2007,57(11):1387-1395
Life cycle assessment (LCA) was applied to performance data from 1997-2002 to evaluate the environmental impacts of the energy input, airborne emission, waterborne emission, and solid waste inventories for Taiwan's electric power plants. Eco-indicator 95 was used to compare the differences among the generation processes and fuel purification. To better understand the environmental trends related to Taiwan's electric power industry, three fuel scenarios were selected for LCA system analysis. Results indicate that there are differences in characteristic environmental impact among the 13 power plants. Scenario simulation provided a basis for minimizing environmental impacts from fuel selection targets. Fuel selection priority should be a gas-fired combined cycle substituted for a coal-fired steam turbine to be more environmentally friendly, particularly in the areas of the greenhouse effect, acidification, winter smog, and solid waste. Furthermore, based purely on economic and environmental criteria, it is recommended that the gas-fired combined cycle be substituted for the oil-fired steam turbine. 相似文献
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887.
从自然环境中分离到2株对染料活性红M-3BE具有明显脱色效果的真菌,经形态学和26S rDNA序列分析,将其鉴定为Fusarium oxysporum和Geosmithia viridis.采用初始浓度50 mg/L M-3BE的液体培养基同步脱色培养,F.oxysporum在24 h内对M-3BE的脱色率为96%,G.viridis在36 h内的脱色率为82%.对脱色酶系的检测结果表明,脱色过程中F.oxysporum能产生LiP和MnP,G.viridis则仅产生LiP.此外,F.oxysporu和G.viridis对另外7种染料的脱色率也可分别达到16%~100%和83.3%~100%. 相似文献
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889.
针对海洋柴油溢油,采用破乳剂对油水快速分离进行了研究.分别对油水比、温度、破乳剂量及存在Ca2 、Mg2 的影响因素,进行了系列油水快速分离试验,并测定了破乳剂作用下乳液的界面张力.试验结果表明,柴油溢油形成的乳液稳定性较差,油水分离较容易,但分离后的水中含油量较高.加入聚醚类非离子型破乳剂FA、FB、FC和FD,可达到油水低温、快速分离的目的,且分离后的水中含油量较低.随着破乳剂浓度的增加,界面张力降低,当破乳剂浓度达到临界胶束浓度(CMC)时,界面张力最小,脱水效果最好.Ca2 、Mg2 对聚醚类非离子型破乳剂的影响很小. 相似文献
890.
水溶性巯基壳聚糖对污染土壤吸附态汞的解吸作用研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用两种巯基化试剂半胱氨酸(Cys)和硫代乙醇酸(Thi)与壳聚糖(CTS)反应,制备了两种水溶性巯基壳聚糖,即Cys-CTS和Thi-CTS,对比研究了这两种巯基壳聚糖与CTS对被染毒土壤中吸附态汞的提取能力.结果表明,Thi-CTS在pH=3、质量浓度为0.5g/L、用量为20 mL的条件下.对汞的提取率为59.44%,相同条件下CTS和cys-CTS对汞的最高提取率只有31.81%和10.15%. 相似文献