微波催化反应中Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3的制备及催化性能研究

以γ-Al2O3为载体,通过等体积浸渍法制备一种载铁催化剂。以微波非均相Fenton反应对甲基橙的脱色效果作为判断催化剂活性的依据,分别考察浸渍液(Fe(NO3)3.9H2O溶液)浓度、焙烧温度、焙烧升温速率、焙烧时间对催化性能的影响,并对复杂协同体系中的反应机制进行初步探讨。结果表明,在浸渍液浓度为8%(质量分数)、焙烧温度为300℃、焙烧升温速率为10℃/min、焙烧时间为2h时催化剂Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3活性最优;复杂协同体系作用机制表现为微波非热效应降低甲基橙分子化学键强度,热效应促使催化剂表面产生"热点",3者(微波、H2O2、催化剂)协同强化催化氧化反应。然而,在微波催化过程中,催化剂孔道坍塌可能影响催化剂活性。     

粉煤灰协同微波-Fenton氧化法处理活性艳蓝KN-R染料废水

以粉煤灰联合微波-Fenton氧化工艺处理活性艳蓝KN-R生产废水,考察了粉煤灰投加量及吸附时间对处理效果的影响,并通过正交实验对微波-Fenton工艺参数进行了优化。实验结果表明,粉煤灰絮凝吸附与微波-Fenton氧化具有协同效应;在粉煤灰投加量为40 g/L,搅拌吸附时间为20 min,滤液pH值为4,Fe2＋和H2O2投加量分别为3.6 mmol/L和0.15 mol/L,微波功率为200 W,辐射反应时间为4 min的优化条件下,染料废水的处理效果最好,COD和色度的去除率分别达到90.90%和99.98%。     

声环境质量常规监测全程质量控制

鉴于各级环境监测部门关于声环境质量常规监测中所遇有碍监测质量的各种问题,按照总站《环境噪声监测技术路线》所提"研究探讨噪声监测质量保证技术"的要求,就常规监测的质量控制方面进行探讨,提出了声环境质量常规监测事前、事中、事后全过程质控,并就质控细节和难点进行阐述和讨论。     

微波修复氯丹污染土壤中氯丹降解的影响因素研究

对微波修复氯丹污染土壤进行研究,重点考察了含水率、微波辐射时间、碱浓度、活性炭添加量和土壤量对其中氯丹降解的影响。结果表明:(1)总体上,氯丹降解率随着含水率的增加而先增加后减少,随着微波辐射时间的延长而增加。当含水率为20%、微波辐射15min后,α-氯丹和γ-氯丹的降解率分别增加到65%和56%。(2)总体上,氯丹降解率随着微波辐射时间的延长而不断增加,7min后氯丹的降解过程基本趋于平衡。10mol/L氢氧化钠溶液存在条件下氯丹降解效果最好,15min时α-氯丹和γ-氯丹的降解率分别为94%和82%。(3)氢氧化钠溶液最佳摩尔浓度为10mol/L。(4)添加1.0g活性炭条件下,氯丹降解率随着微波辐射时间延长而迅速增加,15min时α-氯丹和γ-氯丹的降解率分别为98%和94%。(5)当土壤和活性炭的质量比固定为15∶1时,随着土壤量的增加,氯丹降解率明显增加。     

Global Environmental Change and National Security of China

The concept of security has been redefined since the 1990s. As one of the important factors threatening human security, global environmental change has become a new challenge to the national security and social development. The national security problems caused by global environmental change, on one hand, are closely related to the global environmental problems, and, on the other hand, are manifested in the conflicts of international affairs. The global environmental change severely challenges the future de...     

高含盐废水降膜蒸发过程中液膜破裂的抑制

为解决高含盐废水降膜蒸发过程中液膜破裂产生的干区和结垢问题,采用高灵敏度的红外热成像仪实验研究了高含盐废水受热降膜破裂后的流动状态.结果表明,破裂降膜径向存在热Marangoni效应和溶质Marangoni效应.热Marangoni效应引起了液膜由侧而边缘向中心主流区的收缩,形成稳定的干区;而溶质Marangoni效应...     

三维电极法处理氯苯废水

采用三维电极法处理氯苯废水。研究了外加槽电流、停留时间、氯苯初始质量浓度、废水初始pH等对氯苯去除率的影响。实验结果表明：外加槽电流增大,氯苯去除率明显提高;停留时间延长,氯苯去除率提高;而废水初始pH和氯苯初始质量浓度的变化对氯苯去除率影响不大。在外加槽电流为2．0A、氯苯初始质量浓度为1～200mg／L、停留时间为40～60min、废水初始pH为7的条件下,氯苯去除率达83％以上。并探讨了氯苯的电化学降解机理。     

美洲斑潜蝇在中国山西的生活史及其主要习性

在山西省自然条件下,美洲斑潜蝇一年通常发生9代,个别年份发生8代或10代.深秋至翌年春季,该虫可在当地的日光温室内连续为害,发生约3～4代（11月至下年3月间）.通过试验证明,美洲斑潜蝇在35°N以北的地区不能自然越冬,蔬菜储藏室是其越冬的主要场所.本文还对此蝇的主要习性进行了报道.图3表7参14     

耐高浓度As(Ⅲ)菌株的16S rDNA鉴定及对其As(Ⅲ)氧化酶性质的研究

对从某研究所含砷废水中分离筛选得到的一株耐高浓度As(Ⅲ)且能氧化As(Ⅲ)的菌株(AS-01)进行16 S-rDNA基因序列相似性分析,将该菌株鉴定为恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida)。该菌28 h内对As(Ⅲ)的氧化率达29.8%。对该菌亚砷酸盐氧化酶的酶学性质初步研究表明,该氧化酶的最适宜作用温度为30℃,最适宜pH为6.0,且为亚砷酸盐诱导型酶。     

Effects of climate change and anthropogenic activity on ranges of vertebrate species endemic to the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau over 40 years

Over the past 40 years, the climate has been changing and human disturbance has increased in the vast Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP). These 2 factors are expected to affect the distribution of a large number of endemic vertebrate species. However, quantitative relationships between range shifts and climate change and human disturbance of these species in the QTP have rarely been evaluated. We used occurrence records of 19 terrestrial vertebrate species (birds, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles) occurring in the QTP from 1980 to 2020 to quantify the effects of climate change and anthropogenic impacts on the distribution of these 4 taxonomic groups and estimated species range changes in each species. The trend in distribution changes differed among the taxonomic groups, although, generally, ranges shifted to central QTP. Climate change contributed more to range variation than human disturbance (the sum of the 4 climatic variables contributed more than the sum of the 4 human disturbance variables for all 4 taxonomic groups). Suitable geographic range increased for most mammals, amphibians, and reptiles (+27.6%, +18.4%, and +27.8% on average, respectively), whereas for birds range decreased on average by 0.9%. Quantitative evidence for climate change and human disturbance associations with range changes for endemic vertebrate species in the QTP can provide useful insights into biodiversity conservation under changing environments.