Synthesis and evaluation of cationic flocculant P(DAC-PAPTAC-AM) for flocculation of coal chemical wastewater

In this study, a high-efficiency cationic flocculant, P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM), was successfully prepared using UV-induced polymerization technology. The monomer Acrylamide (AM): Acryloxyethyl Trimethyl ammonium chloride (DAC): methacrylamido propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (MAPTAC) ratio, monomer concentration, photoinitiator concentration, urea content, and cationic monomer DAC:MAPTAC ratio, light time, and power of high-pressure mercury lamp were studied. The characteristic groups, characteristic diffraction peaks, and characteristic proton peaks of P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) were confirmed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (¹H NMR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of dosage, pH value, and velocity gradient (G) value on the removal efficiencies of turbidity, COD, ammonia nitrogen, and total phenol by poly aluminum ferric chloride (PAFC), P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM), and PAFC/P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) in the flocculation treatment of coal chemical wastewater were investigated. Results showed that the optimal conditions for the flocculation of coal chemical wastewater using P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) alone are as follows: dosage of 8–12 mg/L, G value of 100–250 s ^? 1, and pH value of 4–8. The optimal dosage of PAFC is 90–150 mg/L with a pH of 2–12. The optimal dosage for PAFC/P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) is as follows: PAFC dosage of 90–150 mg/L, P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) dosage of 8–12 mg/L, and pH range of 2–6. When P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) was used alone, the optimal removal efficiencies of turbidity, COD, ammonia nitrogen, and total phenol were 81.0%, 35.0%, 75.0%, and 80.3%, respectively. PAFC has good tolerance to wastewater pH and good pH buffering. Thus, the flocculation treatment of coal chemical wastewater using the PAFC/P(DAC-MAPTAC-AM) compound also exhibits excellent resistance and buffering capacity.     

催化光度法测定污水中的苯胺

研究了在硫酸环境中苯胺对Ⅰ~-催化Ce~(4 )-As(Ⅲ)氧化还原反应的抑制作用及其动力学条件,据此建立了催化光度法测定苯胺的新方法。实验结果表明,在0.01mg/L Ⅰ~-、0.001mol/L Ce(SO_4)_2、0.00125mol/L As_2O_3、0.75％(W/V)NaCl、0.225mol/L H_2SO_4溶液中测定苯胺,其线性范围为0.00-0.35mg/L,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.02×10~sL·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。采用初蒸馏法可消除金属离子、氨、苯酚。水杨酸的干扰、用本法测定污水中苯胺,结果满意。     

活性污泥糖类物质含量与其除磷能力的关系

分别以葡萄糖和醋酸为主要进水有机物，通过２只序批式反应器的连续运行，探索了污水生物除磷工艺中活性污泥糖类物质含量的变化与其摄磷能力的关系，发现将活性污泥糖类物质含量控制在较低水平是实现高效生物除磷的一个重要条件．     

制定恶臭物质排放标准的原则和方法

本文叙述了制定恶臭物质排放标准的技术原则、计算方法和公式.同时以天津为例,介绍了对恶臭排放标准计算公式中的主要参数选取及确定系数的方法经验.     

臭气浓度标准的制定方法

本文首先介绍了天津市恶臭污染物排放标准中臭气浓度标准制定的程序、方法、步骤及有关参数确定要素。并将天津市的臭气浓度排放标准与日本、美国及我国台湾省的同类标准进行了分析比较。     

植物次生代谢:功能、调控及其基因工程

植物次生代谢物具有多种重要的生物学功能 ,在工农业生产和人们日常生活中具有广阔的应用前景 .随着可持续农业的发展 ,植物次生代谢物的化学生态学功能及其对农产品品质的影响倍受关注 .植物次生代谢调控的生物化学、分子生物学和基因工程已成了当今国际生物界十分活跃的前沿研究领域 .本文仅就植物次生代谢物功能、代谢调控及基因工程研究进行简要的概述 .1　植物次生代谢物的功能1.1　植物次生代谢物的化学生态学功能植物次生代谢物按其合成方式可分为组成型和诱导型两种类型 ,它们在植物与植物、植物与微生物及植物与昆虫之间的关系中行…     

ABR+生物接触氧化法处理高浓度有毒有机废水

本文采用ABR+生物接触氧化组合工艺处理含苯酚的高COD有毒有机废水,实验研究了ABR反应器的抗毒性及对COD、苯酚和NH3-N的处理效果。实验结果表明:废水COD和苯酚的去除主要发生在厌氧阶段;在苯酚质量浓度1 000 mg/L左右时,ABR反应器和常规厌氧反应器的处理效率均出现明显的下降趋势,但ABR反应器对苯酚的耐受浓度明显高于常规厌氧反应器;相比于常规厌氧反应器,ABR反应器推流式的特性实现了产酸和产甲烷优势菌群的分离,具有较高的COD、苯酚的去除率和较强的抗毒性;对NH3-N的去除,ABR反应器的强化效果不明显。     

江汉平原地下水中氮素与砷迁移富集的相关性研究

通过采集江汉平原潜江和监利两个典型地区的77个地下水样品进行分析测试,对该地区高砷地下水的水化学成分以及地下水中硝酸盐、氨氮与砷之间的相关关系进行了分析,并研究了硝酸盐、氨氮控制的氧化还原环境对地下水中砷(As)迁移富集的影响。结果表明:江汉平原地区地下水水化学类型主要为HCO3-Ca·Mg型,地下水中低Eh值,低含量DO、NO-3、SO2-4和高含量的NH+4、S2-表明地下水为强还原环境;地下水中不同形态的氮对砷的迁移富集具有重要的控制性作用,当地下水中的NO-3含量较高时,地下水处于氧化环境,此时吸附在铁锰氧化物表面或与铁锰氧化物结合的砷不能释放到地下水中,从而呈现出地下水中砷含量随NO-3含量的增加而减少的趋势;地下水中砷含量与NH+4/NT比值具有良好的正相关关系,当地下水中NH+4/NT比值逐渐增高时,表明地下水处于还原环境,此时铁锰氧化物和氢氧化物发生还原性溶解,并释放出大量的砷进入地下水中。     

钢筋混凝土界面的疲劳损伤

钢筋与混凝土界面的脱粘是钢筋混凝土材料与结构的主要失效形式之一。针对笔者建立的几何剪切筒模型和选取的常用实验加载方式 ,推导出循环荷载作用下钢筋与混凝土界面脱粘应力解析模型 ,借助断裂力学的基本理论 ,进一步研究和分析了界面疲劳脱粘速率及界面摩擦剪应力与循环加载次数的关系 ,同时考虑了泊松比对疲劳特性的影响 ,为混凝土结构的安全评估提供一个新思路。     

Pros and cons of climate change in China

Climate change strongly affected the structure and functions of natural ecosystems,e.g.the vegetation productivity decreased in the Northeast permafrost region due to the higher temperature and less precipitation,whereas in the Tibetan Plateau,the vegetation productivity increased,owing to the improved thermal resource.Climate change led to reduced precipitation in North and Northeast China and thus the reduced surface runoff.The public needs for energy were changed because of climate change,e.g.the shorter heating period in winter.Climate change profoundly influenced human health,pathophoresis and major projects by increasing extreme events,including frequency and magnitude,and causing more serious water shortage.Under the background of climate change,although the improved thermal resources can be helpful for extending the crop growth period,more extreme events may resulted in more instability in agricultural productivity.Not only did climate change indirectly affect the secondary and tertiary industries through the impacts on agriculture and natural resources,but also climate change mitigation measures,such as carbon tax,tariff and trading,had extensive and profound influences on the socioeconomic system.Further analysis indicated that the impact of climate change presented significant regional differences.The impact had its pros and cons,while the advantages outweighed the disadvantages.Based on the above analysis on the impacts of climate change,we put forward suggestions on coping with climate change.First,scientifically dealing with climate change will need to seek advantages while avoiding the disadvantages of climate change in order to achieve the orderly adaptation to climate change,which is characterized with"Overall best,long-term benefit."Second,quantitative adaptation should be given more attention,e.g.proposing operational schemes and predictable goals and using uncertainty analysis on adaptation measures.Third,more active coping strategy should be adopted to enhance China's future comprehensive competitiveness.The strategies include but are not limited to gradually adjusting the industrial structure,intensifying the research and development(RD)of emission reduction technology and actively responding to the influence of carbon tax,tariff and trading on socioeconomic development in China.