哈尔滨采暖季与非采暖季PM_(2.5)质量浓度变化特征研究

针对近几年来哈尔滨市空气污染问题,收集整理了2013年11月至2017年10月的气象数据及空气污染情况数据,分析了采暖季与非采暖季PM_(2.5)质量浓度变化情况以及空气质量级别的差别,并主要研究了采暖季PM_(2.5)质量浓度的变化特征及其与温度的相关性。结果表明,哈尔滨市每年的11月至次年10月的PM_(2.5)质量浓度总体呈U型变化趋势,采暖季与非采暖季空气质量差别明显;每年供暖初期,温度与PM_(2.5)的质量浓度呈显著的正相关性;煤炭燃烧和秸秆焚烧对哈尔滨市空气质量的污染影响较大。     

粉煤灰-膨润土阻隔墙控制地下水中镉污染

为了探究以固体废弃物粉煤灰和吸附性强的膨润土为材料制备的阻隔墙对镉污染的控制效果,采用微观表征、渗透实验、吸附实验、穿透实验、单轴抗压实验和侵蚀实验研究阻隔墙的性能。结果表明：阻隔墙材料的最佳质量配比为粉煤灰∶膨润土=5∶1,水泥质量占整个体系的5%;所得阻隔墙的渗透系数为1.11×10-8 m·s-1;最大抗压强度291.97 kPa;复合材料最大吸附率为98.38%。同时发现,固化体系中膨润土填充在粉煤灰球体的空隙处和表面,粉煤灰和膨润土都与水泥产生了水化产物和胶结物,Cd2+附着在阻隔材料表面;阻隔墙吸附的系统符合准一级动力学模型和Freundlich方程;系统的总吸附速率受液膜扩散与颗粒扩散同时影响;阻隔墙对Cd2+作用以物理吸附为主;墙体的抗碱腐蚀性比抗酸腐蚀性、耐有机污染物腐蚀性强。该研究可为将阻隔墙技术应用于地下水污染场地提供理论依据。     

硫化物废水形成生物脱硫污泥中单质硫的回收

针对生物脱硫污泥中单质硫回收困难的问题,以生物脱硫系统产生的污泥为实验对象,研究了生物硫污泥的特性。经过测定得到了如下结果:生物脱硫污泥中单质硫的含量为51.2%,蛋白质5%、Na+ 8.32%、Ka+ 7.47%、Mg2+ 4.82%、SO42-10.5%、Cl-4.45%和灰分8.24%,单质硫被带电聚合物所包裹。根据污泥的特性,设计了一套高温溶解-低温析出的单质硫回收工艺。生物硫污泥和萃取剂(甲苯/四氯乙烯=5/95)在80℃下萃取30 min,萃取剂的用量为20 mL/g生物硫污泥,萃取完成后高温过滤,滤液在4℃下过夜保存,再次过滤析出的单质硫晶体。单质硫的回收率为91.2%,析出的单质硫纯度可达98%,可以直接用于其他工业。萃取剂重复使用5次后单质硫的回收率仍可达到79.6%。结果表明,高温溶解-低温析出法可有效从含硫化合物产生的生物硫污泥中提取单质硫。     

溶液中Fe2+强化Fe0还原NO3-的机制

通过不同条件下Fe0还原NO3-的研究发现,在中性条件下溶液中Fe2+明显强化了Fe0对NO3-的还原,最终还原产物以NH4+-N为主,而反应过程中Fe2+消耗与NO3-还原量存在明显的正相关性。在Fe2+初始浓度为1~8 mmol·L-1条件下,6 g·L-1的Fe0对初始浓度为100 mg·L-1 NO3-的还原符合零级反应动力学过程,结合电化学和X射线衍射分析,证明Fe2+通过沉积到Fe0表面,加速了电子传递过程,促进Fe0表面活性,从而强化了Fe0对NO3-的还原。     

磁性Fe3O4纳米颗粒的制备及在水处理中的应用

众所周知,纳米颗粒在去除水中污染物的过程中易团聚,还会造成水体的二次污染。磁性Fe3O4纳米颗粒因其能迅速从水中分离的特性而被广泛关注。改性之后的磁性Fe3O4纳米颗粒在水中污染物的去除方面有很好的应用。对磁性Fe3O4纳米颗粒及其载体或复合物的制备方法进行了概述,重点对水中污染物的去除从3个方面进行了阐述:磁性Fe3O4纳米材料对水中重金属的吸附、有机物的吸附及水中细菌和医疗废物的处理。     

Understanding the effect of calcium containing compounds on ash deposition during boiler operation: experiment study and dynamics calculation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - During the operation of the boiler, the ash deposition phenomenon in the furnace will cause abnormal operation of the boiler system. This will lead to...     

Green energy mismatch,industrial intelligence and economics growth: theory and empirical evidence from China

Environment, Development and Sustainability - With the continuous uptick in world energy consumption, green energy plays an increasingly significant role in alleviating energy depletion and...     

Effects of autoclaved aerated concrete powder admixture on compaction and shear strength characteristics of wet filter cakes

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Autoclaved aerated concrete powder (AACP) is a kind of solid waste, which is characterized by strong water absorption ability and low compressive...     

Self-catalytic pyrolysis thermodynamics of waste printed circuit boards with co-existing metals

● The co-existing metals in WPCBs has positive catalytic influence in pyrolysis. ● Cu, Fe, Ni can promote reaction progress and reduce the apparent activation energy. ● Ni play better role in promoting WPCB pyrolysis reaction. Waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) are generated increasingly recent years with the rapid replacement of electric and electronic products. Pyrolysis is considered to be a potential environmentally-friendly technology for recovering organic and metal resources from WPCBs. Thermogravimetric analysis and kinetic analysis of WPCBs were carried out in this study. It showed that the co-existing metals (Cu, Fe, Ni) in WPCBs have positive self-catalytic influence during the pyrolysis process. To illustrate their catalytic effects, the apparent activation energy was calculated by differential model. Contributions of different reactions during catalytic pyrolysis process was studied and the mechanism function was obtained by Šesták-Berggren model. The results showed that Cu, Fe, Ni can promote the reaction progress and reduce the apparent activation energy. Among the three metals, Ni plays better catalytic role than Cu, then Fe. This work provides theoretical base for understanding the three metals’ catalytic influence during the pyrolysis of non-metal powders in WPCBs.     

Hydrochemical characteristics,trace element sources,and health risk assessment of surface waters in the Amu Darya Basin of Uzbekistan,arid Central Asia

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Thorough knowledge of hydrochemical characteristics and trace element concentrations in surface waters is crucial for protection of this resource,...