Assessment of total and organic vanadium levels and their bioaccumulation in edible sea cucumbers: tissues distribution,inter-species-specific,locational differences and seasonal variations

The objective of this study is to investigate the levels, inter-species-specific, locational differences and seasonal variations of vanadium in sea cucumbers and to validate further several potential factors controlling the distribution of metals in sea cucumbers. Vanadium levels were evaluated in samples of edible sea cucumbers and were demonstrated exhibit differences in different seasons, species and sampling sites. High vanadium concentrations were measured in the sea cucumbers, and all of the vanadium detected was in an organic form. Mean vanadium concentrations were considerably higher in the blood (sea cucumber) than in the other studied tissues. The highest concentration of vanadium (2.56 μg g⁻¹), as well as a higher degree of organic vanadium (85.5 %), was observed in the Holothuria scabra samples compared with all other samples. Vanadium levels in Apostichopus japonicus from Bohai Bay and Yellow Sea have marked seasonal variations. Average values of 1.09 μg g⁻¹ of total vanadium and 0.79 μg g⁻¹ of organic vanadium were obtained in various species of sea cucumbers. Significant positive correlations between vanadium in the seawater and V _org in the sea cucumber (r = 81.67 %, p = 0.00), as well as between vanadium in the sediment and V _org in the sea cucumber (r = 77.98 %, p = 0.00), were observed. Vanadium concentrations depend on the seasons (salinity, temperature), species, sampling sites and seawater environment (seawater, sediment). Given the adverse toxicological effects of inorganic vanadium and positive roles in controlling the development of diabetes in humans, a regular monitoring programme of vanadium content in edible sea cucumbers can be recommended.

     

浅谈PM2.5的危害及我国的控制历程与经验

随着我国社会的快速发展,以细颗粒物(PM2.5)污染为核心的大范围重污染问题集中爆发,严重影响环境质量和居民健康,因此成为我国近年来迫切需要解决的一个重大环境问题。为改善我国的空气污染状况,特别是减少北方地区供暖季节的重污染天气,我国政府和相关部门一直致力于大气污染的防治工作及空气质量的长期改善。本文对PM2.5的危害以及我国的政策发展进行了基本介绍,探讨了政府推出PM2.5治理和监管政策期间污染改善的进展和启示,并对我国下一步PM2.5的防治提出了相关建议。     

土-膨润土系竖向隔离工程屏障阻滞重金属污染物-运移特性试验研究

通过室内试验及理论分析对砂土-膨润土系竖向隔离工程屏障(简称S-B隔离屏障)阻滞重金属运移特性进行了研究:通过一维化学渗透土柱试验研究了S-B隔离工程屏障材料对典型重金属Pb的阻滞规律。S-B工程屏障材料对Pb具有一定的化学渗透膜效应,其化学渗透效率系数ω随溶质浓度增大而减小,且在半对数坐标下呈现良好的线性关系;Pb浓度在5~60 mmol/L时,其化学渗透效率系数ω的范围为0.008~0.030。同时,Pb在材料中的有效扩散系数D^*随溶质浓度增大而增大,并逐渐趋于稳定。     

四环素对微囊藻生长及光合作用的毒性效应机制

光合作用是蓝藻生长繁殖的生理基础,研究四环素胁迫下蓝藻的生长和光合作用的变化和响应,有助于揭示其作用机制。为探究四环素对微囊藻的毒性效应,对培养在0、0.1、0.2、0.5、1.0、2.0和5.0 mg·L~(-1)共7个浓度下的微囊藻的细胞数、叶绿素a含量、微囊藻光合系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)快速光响应曲线(RLCs)及快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线(OJIP)进行了测定。结果表明,四环素处理7 d后,微囊藻的半致死浓度(LC_(50))为(0.571±0.036) mg·L~(-1)。随着四环素浓度的增加,微囊藻生长受到抑制,叶绿素含量减少,PSⅡ中单位反应中心失活。当四环素浓度高于0.5 mg·L~(-1)时,微囊藻Q_A~-到Q_B的电子传递被抑制,造成Q_A~-大量积累,影响PSⅡ的电子受体侧。然而,在低浓度四环素处理中,以吸收光能为基础的性能指数(PI_(ABS))、用于电子传递的量子产额(φ_(Eo))和最大光化学效率(φ_(Po))显著升高,用于热耗散的量子比率(φ_(Do))显著降低。这些结果表明,低浓度四环素处理时,微囊藻能通过自身调节改变PSⅡ中能量配置,改变电子传递速率,提高光合效率,从而应对低浓度四环素胁迫,而当四环素浓度较高时,微囊藻的光合作用显著降低,生长受到抑制。     

防毒面具试验用湿度表计算方法的改进研究

传统的湿度表计算方法费时费力,而且误差较大。本文采用VB6开发了湿度表计算软件包,大大提高了工作效率,实现计算、绘图、打印一次完成,彻底解决了防护时间试验中的一个难题。     

吉林省农村生态环境污染现状分析及治理措施

随着农村经济的不断发展,农村环境污染日趋严重。虽然吉林省在农村环境污染防治和生态保护方面取得了一是酌成效,但农村环保工作仍然十分薄弱。基于吉林省农村环境存在的共性问题和污染成因分析,提出了“切实保护农村饮用水源地,加强村庄生活污染治理力度,畜禽养殖污染治理,工矿企业污染治理,农业面源污染治理”等五方面治理措施,有利于促进全省农村环境的有效改善。     

2001年-2007年山东省主要污染物排放强度分析

在调查2001年-2007年山东省主要污染物排放量的前提下,分析了各种污染物排放强度的变化趋势,探索了主要污染物排放量与经济发展之间的关系,并以此为突破口找出调整产业结构、加快节能技术创新、加强节能减排管理、大力发展循环经济等节能减排、降低污染物排放强度的对策。     

Mechnism of combination membrane and electro-winning process on treatment and remediation of Cu2+ polluted water body

Mechnism of treatment and remediation of synthetic Cu2+ polluted water body by membrane and electro-winning combination process was investigated.The influnce of electrolysis voltage,pH,and electrolysis time on the metal recovery efficiencies were studied.Relationship between trans-membrane pressure drop (ΔP),additions ratio,initial Cu2+ concentration on operating efficency,stability of membrane and the possibility of water reuse were also investigated.The morphology of membrane and electrodes were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM),the composition of suface deposits was ascertained using combined energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and atomic absorption spectrophotometer.The results showed that using low presure reverse osmosis (LPRO),the Cu2+ concentration could increase from 20 mg/L to 100 mg/L or even higher in the concentrate solutions and permeate water conductivity could be less than 20 μS/cm.The addition of SDS can improve the Cu2+ removal efficiency,while EDTA had little side influence.In electro-reduction process,using plante electrode cell,Cu2+ concentration can be further reduced to 5 mg/L,and the average current efficiency ranged from 9% to 40%.Using 3D electrolysis treatment,Cu2+ concentration could be reduced to 0.5 mg/L with a current efficiency range 60%-70%.     

关于加快番禺区生态环境建设的战略思考

文章对番禺区现存生态环境瓶颈与未来压力进行了系统剖析,重点从环境管理与政策的实践层面入手,深入阐述推进“腾笼换鸟”工作和加强生态环境建设的环保举措,同时从战略规划层面入手提出坚持生态优先、以环境优化经济增长,以“腾笼换鸟”推动番禺经济与生态和谐发展的对策和建议,以期对政府决策和社会经济的可持续发展提供借鉴参考。     

应用高密度电法探测北京南口-孙河隐伏断裂

举例说明了高密度电法在北京南口-孙河活隐伏活动断层勘测中的应用,展现高密度电法在断层定位中的广阔应用前景。简单介绍了高密度电法的基本原理。视电阻率异常剖面揭示南口-孙河断裂为正断层,北东盘上升,南西盘下降,推测断裂倾角60°～68°。视电阻率异常剖面与钻孔资料对应较好,并与钻探资料分析的断裂活动特性基本吻合。