泸州市环保产业调查与分析

环保产业作为环境与经济协调发展的关键,是推进生态文明建设的关键举措。通过泸州市2008年环保及相关产业调查,对相关企业规模、结构、从业人员等相关数据进行分析,阐述了环保产业在泸州市经济发展中的作用和存在的问题。并针对泸州市社会经济发展现状,提出了政府调控、统筹规划、加大投入、全力扶持等大力发展泸州市环保产业的建议。     

高效智能煤水回收利用成套设备小试

为了解决矿井水煤水煤渣预处理的难题,研制了高效智能煤水回收利用成套设备,并对其进行了实验室小试。试验表明,在采用0.4 mm的筛网,转速为28 r/min,进水流量为1 m3/h时,该设备对矿井水的悬浮物去除效果最好。此时的浊度去除率最高,达到了82%。本设备可以节约大量的水资源和煤炭资源,产生巨大的经济效益和社会效益,有很好的推广前景。     

社会体育指导与管理本科专业课程设置探析简

通过文献资料法,对2013年8月申报社会体育指导与管理专业的9所高校本科课程设置现状与问题进行分析,以期提高本专业的人才培养质量。结果表明,各院校的人才培养方案专业必修课和选修课能够满足教育部对本专业课程的规定,但部分院校选修方向与职业联系不密切;选修方向课程学分均不超过总学分比例的10%,不能满足就业需求;课程开设时期普遍偏晚,不利于专业职业技能的形成。建议专业方向课程应与职业教育密切相连,并满足职业教育的需求。     

湿法脱硫用大流量低背压喷嘴开发

在石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫吸收塔中,喷嘴性能直接影响到脱硫效率和运行成本。针对目前国产脱硫喷嘴能耗高的问题,基于质量及能量守恒方程,推导了螺旋喷嘴计算公式,并结合螺旋面设计方法开发出大流量低背压喷嘴。开发出的喷嘴运行压力小,可降低运行电耗;同时,可减少塔内布置的喷嘴数量,减少投资成本。     

350MW超临界锅炉水冷壁管爆管原因分析

利用宏观检查、金相组织分析、力学性能检测、化学成分分析以及断口扫描电镜分析等对失效管段进行了全面检测,分析某超临界锅炉水冷壁管的爆管原因。结果表明:安装人员将原设计的柔性连接改为刚性焊接连接,同时,施工质量较差,连接焊缝中存在未熔合缺陷导致严重的应力集中;顶棚过热器管与水冷壁管膨胀量及膨胀方向不一致,且反复变化,使水冷壁管与加强筋的搭接焊缝在锅炉运行过程中长期承受疲劳载荷,是导致本次水冷壁管开裂的直接原因。     

g-C_3N_4/TiO_2瓷砖的制备及其性能研究

采用空压机在瓷砖表面喷涂了以钛酸四丁酯为钛前驱体,三聚氰胺为氮源制备的g-C_3N_4/TiO_2复合光催化剂。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(DRS)等对材料的结构与性能进行表征。附着力测试显示g-C_3N_4/TiO_2薄膜附着力良好,达到5B级别。分别以罗丹明B和大肠杆菌进行了降解和杀菌实验,结果显示g-C_3N_4/TiO_2瓷砖在白炽灯(照度(10 000±1 000)Lux)下光照6 h罗丹明B的脱色率达到45.1%,光照5 h大肠杆菌灭菌率约为99.7%。重复性试验证明,其稳定性较好。说明制备的g-C_3N_4/TiO_2瓷砖具有较好的自清洁和杀菌性能。     

Potential factors and mechanism of particulate matters explosive increase induced by free radicals oxidation

Atmospheric particulate pollution in China has attracted much public attention. Occasionally, the particle number concentration increases sharply in a short time period, which is defined as a “particulate matter explosive increase”. Heavy particulate matter pollution not only reduces visibility but also has an adverse effect on human health. Hence, there is an urgent need to discover the causes of particulate matter explosive increase. During this campaign, the particle number concentration and free radicals were measured at a tall building on the campus of Lanzhou University of Technology. Additionally, we examined a series of chemicals to reproduce the observed particulate matter explosive increase in a smog chamber to determine its potential factors. Then, we analyzed the mechanism of particulate matter explosive increase in the presence of free radicals. We found that, among the potential inorganic and organic sources analyzed, a mixture of organic and SO₂ in the research region had a major effect on particulate matter explosive increase. Moreover, free radical oxidation has a large effect, especially in the formation of organic particulates.     

Source apportionment of VOCs in a typical medium-sized city in North China Plain and implications on control policy

Characteristics of atmospheric VOCs (volatile organic compounds) have been extensively studied in megacities in China, however, they are scarcely investigated in medium/small-sized cities in North China Plain (NCP). A comprehensive research on possible sources of VOCs was conducted in a medium-sized city of NCP, from May to September 2019. A total of 143 canister samples of 8 sites in Xuchang city were collected, and 57 VOC species were detected. The average VOC concentrations were 42.6 ± 31.6 μg/m³, with 53.7 ± 31.0 μg/m³ and 32.1 ± 27. 8 μg/m³, in the morning and afternoon, respectively. Alkenes and aromatics contributed 80% of the total ozone formation potential (OFP). Aromatics accounted for more than 95% of secondary organic aerosol potential (SOAP). VOCs were dominated by the local emission with significant transport from the southeast direction. PMF analysis extracted 6 sources, which were combustion (33.1%), LPG usage (19.3%), vehicular exhaust & fuel evaporation (15.8%), solvent usage (15.2%), industrial (9.11%) and biogenic (7.51%), respectively and they contributed 33.4%, 17.6%, 12.9%, 18.6%, 9.28% and 8.22% to the OFP, respectively. Combustion and LPG usage were the dominant VOC sources; and combustion, solvent usage and LPG usage were the main sources of OFP in Xuchang city, which were different to megacities in China with a high contribution from vehicular exhaust, solvent usage and industry, suggesting specific control strategies on VOCs need to be implemented in medium-sized city such as Xuchang city.     

A comparitive study between the coal-biomass briquette and raw coal in SO2 pollution and adverse effects in rabbits

This study was conducted to evaluate the adverse health effects on rabbits exposed to SO₂ emitted indoors from burning coals, and compare differences between coal-biomass briquette (B.B.) and raw coal (R.C.). Thirty-six male rabbits were divided equally into three groups at random, and then exposed to burning R.C., B.B., and the third without burning coal (Control) for 90 days. Data showed that the average concentration of SO₂ in 24?h in R.C. was 13.04?mg?m^?3, which was 5-fold greater than B.B. (2.68?mg?m^?3) and 31-fold higher than control (0.41?mg?m^?3). After 45 days, the numbers of rabbits, with increased frequency of Comet cell was highest in R.C. After 90 days, the % positive Comet cell was significant at 10.36% in R.C., 5.42% in B.B., and 1.73% in Control. There was a nonlinear dose–effect relationship between % positive Comet cell and the concentration of SO₂. The incidence of interstitial pneumonia was 6/12 in R.C. and 4/12 in B.B. showing severe squamous metaplasia with atypical hyperplasia in bronchial epithelia in R.C. animals. The results of study indicate that use of B.B. reduced the emission of SO₂; but the smoke emitted from burning coal still produced DNA damage.     

电站联轴器螺栓断裂事故分析

针对某电厂偶合器-给水泵联轴器螺栓断裂事故,对断裂螺栓进行了断口分析、化学成分、金相组织及维氏硬度检测分析。分析结果表明:螺栓机加工质量不良是造成螺栓疲劳断裂的主要原因,另外,螺栓表面脱碳层导致了螺栓表面弱化,加速了疲劳裂纹源的形成。