Antioxidant responses in clam Venerupis philippinarum exposed to environmental pollutant hexabromocyclododecane

The objective of this study was to assess the potential toxic effects of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) on tissues of clam Venerupis philippinarum using parameters of antioxidant defenses and oxidative stress. Antioxidant biomarkers including ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH), as well as DNA damage and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in gills and digestive glands of V. philippinarum, were analyzed after a 1-, 3-, 6-, 10-, and 15-day exposure to seawater containing HBCD at environmentally related concentrations, respectively. The results showed that the activity of most antioxidant enzymes increased, and different trends were detected with exposure time extending. The oxidative stress could be obviously caused in the gills and digestive glands under the experimental conditions. This could provide useful information for toxic risk assessment of environmental pollutant HBCD.     

改性黄麻制备及其对铜离子的吸附

从地表水突发污染应急处置实际需求的角度,考虑纤维材料的现场实用性,研究了均苯四甲酸二酐改性黄麻的制备过程及对重金属铜离子的吸附性能,吸附等温线、吸附动力学和吸附热力学。通过正交实验对改性条件进行了优化,结果表明,反应物(黄麻与酸酐)配比和反应温度对改性黄麻的吸附量有十分显著的影响;在室温,p H为5~7的条件下,改性黄麻对铜离子的吸附容量为43.56 mg/g,比原态黄麻提高了7倍多;改性黄麻对铜离子的吸附符合Langmuir模型,为单分子层吸附;吸附过程是符合假二级动力模型的自发吸热反应。     

Polytitanium sulfate (PTS): Coagulation application and Ti species detection

Interest in the development of inorganic polymerized coagulants is growing; however, there are only limited studies on the synthesis of polytitanium coagulants, which are expected to exhibit improved coagulation efficiency with better floc properties. This study presents the synthesis of polytitanium sulfate (PTS) for potential application in water purification, followed by characterization of PTS flocs and titanium species detection. Stable PTS solutions were successfully synthesized and standard jar tests were conducted to evaluate their coagulation efficiency. Electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS) speciation analysis revealed that a variety of mononuclear and polynuclear complexes were formed in PTS solution, indicating the polymeric nature of the synthesized coagulant. Floc characteristics were studied through on-line monitoring of floc size using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer. Results showed that PTS had a comparable or in some cases even higher organic matter and particulate removal efficiency than Ti(SO₄)₂. The effluent pH after PTS coagulation significantly improved toward desirable values closer to neutral pH. Properties of flocs formed by PTS were significantly improved in terms of floc size, growth rate and structure. This study showed that PTS could be an efficient and promising coagulant for water purification, with the additional benefit that its coagulated sludge can be used to recover valuable TiO₂ nanoparticles for various commercial applications.     

毛皮加工清洁生产的白皮鞣制技术

研究了改性有机磷化合物在毛皮鞣制过程中的应用技术(白皮鞣制技术),替代了传统的甲醛或铬类鞣剂进行的毛皮加工生产,减少了毛皮产品及生产废液中有害物质的含量,达到了欧盟规定的技术要求,实现了环保型加工。     

西藏阿里地表面太阳光谱观测

阿里位于青藏高原西部,是太阳能资源极其丰富的地区.本次在西藏阿里噶尔县(海拔4280 m,32°30′02″?N,80°06′01″?E)夏至日前后,对波长在280?—?1200 nm的太阳光谱进行了短期观测.结果显示:阿里2020年6月21日12:34,在482 nm波长处出现了太阳光谱辐射强度的最大值2.33 W·...     

固体废弃物的堆肥化处理技术

固体废弃物已成为限制城市发展的重要环境问题.堆肥化处理是固体废弃物资源化利用的一种方式,已逐渐被国内外所重视.本文综述了现有的三种堆肥化系统:条垛式系统、通气静态垛式系统和发酵仓式系统,介绍了三种系统的优缺点.     

浮油收集器在油田污水处理系统的应用

油田污水处理系统中,污油池、除油罐收油主要是靠提升液位,回收油含水和杂质高,增加后期处理负担,同时耗费大量电能。应用浮油收集器从地面储油罐或油池中收集原油,通过现场试验和实际运行情况比较可知:收油器不受罐(池)内液面高低的影响;收油管不需要其它的辅助设备将油推到收油管的周围;可根据污油池面积的大小来调整收油管的长度;维护使用费用低,每天实际耗电量约为15kW.h,节约财力人力。