垃圾填埋场周边桉树光合生理特性研究

为了解垃圾填埋场环境下植物的光合适应性,利用LI-6400便携式光合测定仪,以呼马山森林公园为对照,对位于昆明市东郊垃圾填埋场和对照区的直杆桉Eucalyptus maideni进行了光响应与光合日进程的测定。结果表明:填埋场直杆桉的净光合速率随光强的增加先增加后稍有下降并趋于稳定,光抑制不明显;对照的净光合速率随光强的增加先增加后缓慢下降;在相同光照强度下,填埋场直杆桉的净光合速率、蒸腾速率始终高于呼马山对照的,说明直杆桉可通过提高自身的光合能力和蒸腾速率来适应填埋场的特定环境。胞间CO2浓度随光强的增加先下降后上升,与净光合速率大体呈相反变化;蒸腾速率随光强变化的趋势与气孔导度变化相一致。另外,填埋场直杆桉净光合速率日变化呈单峰曲线,无明显"午休"现象,其变化趋势与蒸腾速率、气孔导度的大体相同。对照的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率与填埋场的变化趋势相似,但变化幅度较少。在自然条件下,填埋场直杆桉的净光合速率和蒸腾速率仍明显高于呼马山对照的。     

o-Coumaric acid from invasive Eupatorium adenophorum is a potent phytotoxin

A phytochemical study of the invasive Eupatorium adenophorum indicated that the plant was rich in a phenolic compound o-coumaric acid (or 2-hydroxycoumaric acid). Biological investigations with the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and crop plants showed that o-coumaric acid strongly inhibited seed germination, plant growth and root elongation, reduced the photosynthesis in old leaves, and induced the root cell death and the expression of genes related to senescence, oxidative stress, and systemic acquired resistance. The phytotoxic effects of o-coumaric acid exhibit selectivity between under- and above-ground parts of test plants and between E. adenophorum and other plants. These results indicate that o-coumaric acid is a potent toxin that might play an important role in the competition of E. adenophorum with its neighboring plants during its invasion and establishment.     

河南油田含油污泥调剖技术研究及应用

河南油田在生产过程中产生的含油污泥,外排后造成土壤板结和碱化,对周围环境造成严重污染。为此,利用化学剂对含油污泥进行处理,使其变成活性稠化的调剖剂。处理后的含油污泥作为调剖剂须达到的技术指标为:含油污泥粘度低(≤0.3Pa·s),可泵性好;加入悬浮剂后含油污泥的悬浮性能好,沉降时间超过3h。在该油田3口注水井进行了调剖试验,处理含油污泥5309m3。截止2003年1月底,累计增油796.5t,投入产出比为1∶3.6,获得了较好的经济效益。     

Long-term exposure to air pollution and cerebrovascular disease: findings from Beijing Health Management Cohort study

● This study explored the long-term association by double robust additive models. ● Individual exposure concentrations were assessed by integrating GAM, LUR and BPNN. ● PM_2.5, SO₂ and NO₂ are positively associated with cerebrovascular disease. ● CO could reduce the risk of cerebrovascular disease with the highest robustness. ● The elderly, women and people with normal BMI are at higher risk for air pollution. The relationship between air pollution and cerebrovascular disease has become a popular topic, yet research findings are highly heterogeneous. This study aims to investigate this association based on detailed individual health data and a precise evaluation of their exposure levels. The integrated models of generalized additive model, land use regression model and back propagation neural network were used to evaluate the exposure concentrations. And doubly robust additive model was conducted to explore the association between cerebrovascular disease and air pollution after adjusted for demographic characteristics, physical examination, disease information, geographic and socioeconomic status. A total of 25097 subjects were included in the Beijing Health Management Cohort from 2013 to 2018. With a 1 μg/m³ increase in the concentrations of PM_2.5, SO₂ and NO₂, the incidence risk of cerebrovascular disease increased by 1.02 (95% CI: 1.008–1.034), 1.06 (95% CI: 1.034–1.095) and 1.02 (95% CI: 1.010–1.029) respectively. Whereas CO exposure could decrease the risk, with an odds ratio of 0.38 (95% CI: 0.212–0.626). In the subgroup analysis, individuals under the age of 50 with normal BMI were at higher risk caused by PM_2.5, and SO₂ was considered more hazardous to women. Meanwhile, the protective effect of CO on women and those with normal BMI was stronger. Successful reduction of long-term exposure to PM_2.5, SO₂ and NO₂ would lead to substantial benefits for decrease the risk of cerebrovascular disease especially for the health of the susceptible individuals.     

写好科技论文的英文摘要以提高被引率

科技论文英文摘要的编写要遵循一定的内容要求和句法要求。作者和英文编辑应该加强对英文摘要的重视,提高自身的英文水平,通过写好英文摘要来提高论文的被引率和期刊的影响因子。同时,编辑还要发挥对作者编写英文摘要的督促作用。     

Wise Use of Wetlands: Current State of Protection and Utilization of Chinese Wetlands and Recommendations for Improvement

Wetland protection and utilization sometimes appear to be in conflict, but promoting the wise use of wetlands can solve this problem. All countries face the challenge of sustainable development of wetlands to a greater or lesser extent, but the problem is especially urgent in developing countries, such as China, that want to accelerate their economic development without excessive environmental cost. Chinese wetlands contribute greatly to economic development, but improper use of these natural resources has endangered their existence. It is thus necessary to provide scientific guidance to managers and users of wetlands. In this paper, we analyze the present status of Chinese wetland protection and utilization, and discuss problems in six categories: a lack of public awareness of the need for wetland protection; insufficient funding for wetland protection and management; an imperfect legal system to protect wetlands; insufficient wetland research; lack of coordination among agencies and unclear responsibilities; and undeveloped technologies related to wetland use and protection. The wise use of Chinese wetlands will require improvements in four main areas: increased wetland utilization research, scientific management of wetland utilization, improved laws and regulations to protect wetlands, and wider dissemination of wetland knowledge. Based on these categories, we propose a framework for the optimization of wetland use by industry to provide guidance for China and other countries that cannot sacrifice economic benefits to protect their wetlands.     

四乙烯五胺改性生物质炭对水中锌(II)的吸附性能研究

以苹果枝和葡萄枝为原料,制备了苹果枝生物质炭和葡萄枝生物质炭,并采用化学改性方法处理两种生物质炭,分别得到表面键合了四乙烯五胺的改性苹果枝生物质炭和改性葡萄枝生物质炭.采用红外光谱、扫描电镜等对两种生物质炭及其化学改性产品分别进行了表征,比较了两种生物质炭及其改性产品对水中Zn~(2+)的吸附性能,并分析了吸附动力学和等温吸附特性.结果表明,改性生物质炭增加了表面吸附位点,最大吸附量明显增加,相同吸附量所用吸附时间大大缩短,吸附效果显著提高.4种吸附剂的吸附行为均符合准二级动力学模型及Langmuir方程.生物质炭吸附重金属的机理初步判定是以离子交换和阳离子-π键的作用为主,改性生物质炭对Zn~(2+)吸附量和吸附速度的显著提升主要与键合基团的螯合作用有关.     

常温处理生活污水微氧高效颗粒污泥反应器内颗粒污泥性能研究

为了分析微氧高效颗粒污泥反应器(EGSB反应器)在环境温度下处理实际生活污水时高效稳定运行的可行性,对15~26℃常温处理实际生活污水微氧EGSB反应器内颗粒污泥活性、沉淀性能、粒径分配、形态等进行研究.结果表明,15~26℃常温处理实际生活污水微氧EGSB反应器稳定运行时颗粒污泥沉速在11~79m·h-1之间,低沉速污泥有少量上浮至三相分离器底部甚至三相分离器上部,但没有出现污泥的流失,污泥浓度达到28g·L-1（以MLSS计）,可获得93.4%、83.8%、74.7%和44.0%的高COD、NH+4-N、TN和TP去除率;污泥产甲烷活性并没有降低,甚至比单纯厌氧时还有所偏高;颗粒污泥的平均粒径增大,主要集中0.63~2.00mm之间,质量分数达到了89%,既能保证反应器内的高污泥浓度,又能保证污染物质向颗粒表面和颗粒内部的高效传质,提高污染物质的转化率.颗粒污泥不同层面上微生物菌群发生了很大变化,外层丝状菌占优势,内层杆菌、丝状菌、球菌混生.微生物菌群排列紧密,细胞间紧密结合,集群协同作用使代谢物质能够以最短距离高效传递,保证了微氧EGSB反应器在常温、低浓度下的高效稳定运行.     

城市污泥与猪粪混合堆肥过程中湿度空间变异

对城市污泥与猪粪混合堆肥过程中堆体内湿度的空间变异性进行了研究 ,利用克里格法对湿度进行最优插值 .结果发现 :不同堆肥期湿度半变异函数在堆体水平方向上用对数函数拟合效果较好 ,在垂直方向上用线性函数拟合效果较好 .升温期、降温期和腐熟期各剖面的等湿线呈不同的分布特征 ,高温期呈较规则的“拱形”分布 .升温期、高温期及腐熟期 ,仓门附近的湿度变化较大 ,降温期堆体中轴线附近的湿度变化较大 .升温期堆体湿度最佳 ,从高温期开始 ,堆体中下部出现高湿区 ,且不断缩小 ;同时 ,堆体的顶部和两侧壁出现低湿区 ,且向堆体的中下部扩大 .由升温期到降温期 ,湿度空间变异不断增大 ,但腐熟期开始减小 .最后讨论了形成湿度空间变异的原因 ,并提出相应提高堆肥效率和质量的措施 .     

城市污泥不同处理处置方式的成本和效益分析--以北京市为例

以北京市为例,估算不同电价及运输距离下填埋、焚烧及堆肥等方式的城市污泥处理处置成本,在此基础上讨论各种处理处置方案的前景,展望北京市污泥处理处置出路。污泥填埋在一定时期内还将是主要处理处置方式,但所占比例将逐渐下降;堆肥是经济上较为可行的处理处置方式,适合大力推广;随着经济实力与技术水平提高,焚烧法可以适用于个别特殊地点。同时,分析了政府补贴对污泥处理处置效益的影响。