城市污水厂污泥高温好氧堆肥氮素转变行为研究

采用两段式高温好氧堆肥工艺 ,研究了污泥堆肥中氮素转变规律。研究表明 ,硝化作用受到温度和NH+ 4 N含量的影响显著。一次发酵中 ,堆料平均温度高于 4 0℃ ,硝化作用受到强烈抑制 ;二次发酵后期 ,由于NH+ 4 N浓度降低 ,故硝化过程减缓。不同调理剂及操作条件对氮素损失影响较大 ,利用腐熟堆肥作为调理剂可以减少氮素损失。适当降低堆料温度、增加初始含水率及适当减少初始挥发份含量等措施均可在一定程度上减少氮素损失     

Does pollution levy standard reform promotes green innovation? Evidence from China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Taking advantage of the quasi-natural experiment generated by the adjustment of pollution levy standard in different Chinese provinces and utilizing...     

高职计算机应用专业基于工作过程课程体系开发的探讨

介绍了基于工作过程课程体系开发的一般方法,探讨了该方法在计算机应用专业课程体系开发中的应用,并以网站开发综合课程为例,介绍了基于工作过程课程开发方法在具体课程教学设计中的应用。     

Synthesis and Properties of <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-Maleyl Chitosan-Cross-Linked Poly(Acrylic Acid-co-Acrylamide) Superabsorbents

A high-swelling superabsorbent was synthesized with biodegradable N-maleyl chitosan as cross-linker, acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) as the monomers, ammonium peroxodisulfate–sodium bisulfite (NaHSO₃) as redox initiation system, by means of aqueous solution polymerization. The best reaction condition was based on the orthogonal experiment design. The optimal conditions on distilled water absorbency and on 0.9 wt% NaCl solution absorbency were monomer concentration 20 wt%, mole ratio of AA to (AA + AM) 60%, the neutralization degree of AA 40%, cross-linker concentration 2% and monomer concentration 25 wt%, mole ratio of AA to (AA + AM) 60%, neutralization degree of AA 50% and cross-linker concentration 1%, respectively. Factors influencing the water absorbency of superabsorbent also were investigated, by single factor experiment method. The absorbency of superabsorbents in distilled water and 0.9 wt% NaCl solution increased and then decreased with the increasing of monomer concentration, mole ratio of AA to (AA + AM) and degree of neutralization of AA. With the increasing of cross-linker concentration, the absorbency in distilled water increased and then decreased, but it decreased all the time in 0.9 wt% NaCl solution. In enzymatic degradation tests, the weight loss of superabsorbent was related to the content of cross-linker.     

壳聚糖对酸性染料的吸附性能研究

采用壳聚糖为吸附剂,研究了壳聚糖对兰纳洒脱酱红B(ABB)和尼龙山黄N-3RL(NYN)两种酸性染料模拟废水的吸附性能.在染料废水初始质量浓度为100 mg/L、体积为50 mL的条件下,壳聚糖对两种染料废水的最佳吸附条件:壳聚糖脱乙酰度为75%,壳聚糖粒径为0.054～0.076 MM,壳聚糖加入量为20 mg,搅拌时间为2.0 h,搅拌速率为400 r/min,废水pH为6,ABB废水温度为10～30 ℃,NYN废水温度为20-50℃.在最佳的吸附条件下,壳聚糖对ABB和NYN的吸附容量分别为244.45 mg/g和239.14 mg/g.壳聚糖对ABB的吸附较符合Freundlich方程,对NYN的吸附较符合Langmuir方程.     

高职高专计算机专业考试改革思路与措施探析

高职教育以技术为核心,以能力为本位,不仅要调整和改革教学计划,还要改革考试方法。本文分析了目前高校考试存在的问题,从学校考试改革的实际出发,总结出计算机专业考试改革应遵循的四点原则。依据高职高专院校的人才培养目标,结合计算机专业教学特点,提出了形成式考核、能力考核和职场模拟考核等多项考试改革措施。     

新时代循环经济发展助力美丽中国建设的路径与方向

世界主要经济体普遍把发展循环经济作为破解资源环境约束、应对气候变化、培育经济新增长点的基本路径。发展循环经济是推进生态优先、节约集约、发展方式绿色转型的必要途径,也是推进美丽中国建设的必然要求。本文从全球视野分析了物质资源消耗与经济社会发展的关系,提出了发展循环经济的战略价值,结合新时代背景阐释了循环经济发展的新内涵及其助推碳减排的关键路径。同时,分析了当前循环经济发展存在的问题,从完善循环经济评价体系、构建循环经济治理路径的实施方案、推动政用产学研融合技术创新体系、加强立法及配套政策的可操作性和完善智慧平台建设等方面提出了若干建议。     

大气污染物扩散模式的应用研究综述

应用大气污染物扩散模式可以模拟不同尺度、气象、地形条件下工业污染物在大气中的输送与扩散特征,为大气监测、城市环境规划和空气质量预报等工作提供科学依据.归纳了目前广泛应用于模拟工业污染物扩散的模式,着重介绍了近年来国内外对这些模式的主要应用研究进展,比较了各模式在应用上的优缺点,并对大气污染物扩散模式的应用研究前景进行了讨论.     

Contamination and distribution of parent,nitrated, and oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smoked meat

Smoked meat is widely consumed in many areas, particularly in rural southwest China. High concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in smoked meat could lead to adverse dietary exposure and health risks. In this study, 27 parent PAHs (pPAHs), 12 nitrated PAHs (nPAHs), and 4 oxygenated PAHs (oPAHs) were measured in coal- and wood-smoked meats. The median concentrations of pPAHs, nPAHs, and oPAHs were as high as 1.66?×?10³, 4.29, and 20.5 ng/g in the coal-smoked meat and 2.54?×?10³, 7.32, and 9.26 ng/g in the wood-smoked meat, respectively. Based on the relative potency factors of individual PAHs, the calculated toxic equivalent (TEQ) values of all pPAHs were 22.1 and 75.1 ng TEQ/g for the wood- and coal-smoked meats, respectively. The highest concentrations of PAHs can be found in the surface layer of skin and decrease exponentially with depth. Surface PAH concentrations correlated with concentrations of PAHs in household air and with the concentration in emission exhaust. Migration of PAHs from surface to interior portions of meat is faster in lean than in fat or skin, and oPAHs and pPAHs can penetrate deeper than pPAHs. The penetration ability of PAHs is negatively correlated with the molecular weight.     

基于DSR‑灰云模型的西北城市抗震韧性评估∗

城市抗震系统是一个复杂的系统,对其进行韧性评估是检验城市系统抗震能力的重要手段。在分析城市抗震系统构成的基础上,结合 DSR 模型,从抗灾因素、承灾因素和恢复因素三方面构建城市系统抗震韧性评估指标体系。为解决指标体系中存在的模糊性、随机性及灰色不确定等复杂问题,引入灰色白化权函数云模型,结合各指标的灰云模型图,计算各指标实际的聚类系数,最后根据最大隶属度原则计算出城市的抗震韧性评估等级。以西北地区 14 座城市为例,验证该方法的可行性和合理性,结果表明：兰州市与武威市的城市抗震韧性等级为Ⅳ级,白银、 天水、张掖、平凉、酒泉、庆阳及定西 7 市的城市抗震韧性等级为Ⅲ级,嘉峪关、金昌、陇南、合作与临夏 5 市的城市抗震韧性等级为Ⅱ级,研究成果可为城市抗震韧性评估提供一种新方法。