Enhancement of heavy metal accumulation by tissue specific co-expression of iaaM and ACC deaminase genes in plants

The aerobic riboflavin (Rf)-sensitized photodegradation of the endocrine disruptor 4,4'-isopropylidenebisphenol (bisphenol A, BPA), and of the related compounds 4,4'-isopropylidenebis(2,6-dibromophenol) and 4,4'-isopropylidenebis(2,6-dimethylphenol) has been studied in water and water-methanol mixtures through visible-light continuous photolysis, polarographic detection of oxygen uptake, stationary and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, time-resolved near-IR phosphorescence detection and laser flash photolysis techniques. Bisphenols (BPs) quench excited singlet and triplet states of Rf, with rate constants close to the diffusion limit. BPs and dissolved molecular oxygen, employed in similar concentrations, competitively quench triplet excited Rf. As a consequence, superoxide radical anion and singlet molecular oxygen (O(2)((1)Delta(g))) are produced by electron- and energy-transfer processes, respectively, as demonstrated by auxiliary experiments employing selective quenchers of both oxidative species and the exclusive O(2)((1)Delta(g)) generator Rose Bengal. As a global result, the photodegradation of Rf is retarded, whereas BPs are degraded, mainly by an O(2)((1)Delta(g))-mediated mechanism, which constitutes a relatively efficient process in the case of BPA. Oxidation, dimerization and fragmentation products have been identified in the photooxidation of BPA. Results indicate that BPs in natural waters can undergo spontaneous photodegradation under environmental conditions in the presence of adequate photosensitizers.     

邛海流域设施葡萄园土壤养分与地下水污染特征研究

为揭示邛海流域设施葡萄园土壤养分的累积状况与地下水的污染特征,选取邛海北岸典型设施葡萄种植区为研究区域,采集不同种植年限的设施葡萄园和普通农田表层土壤以及相应区域地下水进行分析,并采用相关性分析方法探讨葡萄园表层土壤中氮、磷浓度,土壤理化性质与种植年限之间的关系。结果表明：设施葡萄园表层土壤中速效氮浓度平均为0.702 g/kg,速效磷浓度平均为0.135 g/kg,分别是背景（未耕作）土壤的8.2倍和6.5倍;土壤中总氮和总磷浓度与种植年限呈显著正相关,氮、磷养分会随着种植年限的增加在土壤中累积,且由于种植过程中磷肥的长期大量施用,土壤中磷素累积显著;设施葡萄园土壤pH与其养分浓度呈显著负相关,土壤电导率与其养分浓度呈显著正相关,氮、磷肥料的大量施用会加重土壤的酸化和盐渍化程度;设施葡萄园土壤养分淋失主要以硝态氮为主,地下水中硝酸盐浓度随着种植年限的增加而升高,对邛海水质存在潜在污染风险。     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface sediments from drinking water sources of Taihu Lake, China: sources, partitioning and toxicological risk

Sources, partitioning and toxicological risk of 15 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments from drinking water sources of Taihu Lake, with an area of 2428 km(2) located in the most developed and populated area of China, were studied, and the results were compared with those in other lakes of China and the USA. Concentrations of the 15 PAHs in sediments ranged from 436.6 to 1334.9 ng g(-1) (dw). Gasoline combustion, coal combustion, diesel combustion from shipping and spillage of petroleum were apportioned to be the main sources of PAHs in this area by principal component analysis, which contributed 35.19%, 26.43%, 25.41% and 12.97% to the PAH sources estimated by further multiple linear regression. Levels of PAHs in sediments were negatively correlated with contents of clay and fine silt (<16 μm), while positively with contents of medium silt, coarse silt and sand (>16 μm). Humin with size larger than 16 μm contained the largest part of the burden of PAHs in sediments, but the specific partitioning domain (bound humic acid, lipid or insoluble residue) depended on properties of organic matter reflected by optical absorbance at 465 and 665 nm. Total toxic benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (TEQ(carc)) of the carcinogenic PAHs in sediments varied from 31.8 to 209.3 ngTEQ(carc) g(-1). Benzo[a]pyrene and dibenzo[a,h]anthracene contributed 45.36 and 25.31% to total TEQ(carc), posing high toxicological risk to this area.     

GB/T18664-2002《呼吸防护用品的选择、使用与维护》系列讲座第二讲了解呼吸防护用品的分类和防护功能

有关呼吸防护用品的知识非常重要,它不仅使我们了解每类产品的功能和特点,更重要的是了解其局限性,因为没有一种防护用品是万能的,所以这些知识可帮助我们做出尽可能安全的选择。呼吸防护用品主要分过滤式和隔绝式两类(表1)。     

Influence of metal ion on sorption of p-nitrophenol onto sediment in the presence of cetylpyridinium chloride

Heavy metals and surfactants have a significant effect on the sorption of organic contaminants. In this study, batch equilibrium experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of Pb(NO(3))(2) on the sorption of p-nitrophenol (PNP) onto sediments in the presence of cationic surfactant cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC). Results indicated that in the complex system containing PNP, Pb(NO(3))(2) and CPC, the sorption of PNP decreased with increasing concentration of Pb(NO(3))(2) due primarily to competing for adsorption sites. Likewise, partitioning of PNP in adsorbed surfactant layers and micelles decreased with increasing level of Pb(NO(3))(2). Moreover, the influence of different metal ions (Pb(2+), Cd(2+), Zn(2+)) was examined and results indicated that the presence of heavy metals inhibited the sorption of PNP in the order: Pb(2+)>Cd(2+)>Zn(2+). The competitive effect of the heavy metals was in agreement with the hydration energy and hydrated radius. The results are believed to provide a useful insight into describing the transport and fate of PNP in natural environments.     

Correlations between physicochemical properties of PAHs and their distribution in soil, moss and reindeer dung at Ny-Ålesund of the Arctic

Concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil, moss and reindeer dung collected at Ny-Ålesund of the Arctic were measured to investigate their accumulation trends and distribution in the three compartments. Compared with the other regions, the proportions of 2 + 3 ring PAHs to the total PAHs were higher, whereas the proportions of 5 + 6 ring PAHs were lower in the three compartments at Ny-Ålesund. Significant log/log-linear relationship was observed between the sub-cooled liquid vapor pressure and the soil/moss quotient (Q_SM). The relation was similar to the relationship between the gas/particle partition coefficient (K_P) and of PAHs, implying Q_SM would be a “mirror image” of K_P. Excellent log/log-linear relationships were observed between Q_SM and K_OA as well as between the moss/dung quotient (Q_MD) and K_OW. The results presented here indicate the physicochemical properties are suitable for characterizing the distribution of PAHs in soil, moss and reindeer dung.     

Mathematical modelling of sewage sludge incineration in a bubbling fluidised bed with special consideration for thermally-thick fuel particles

Fluidised bed combustor (FBC) is one of the key technologies for sewage sludge incineration. In this paper, a mathematical model is developed for the simulation of a large-scale sewage sludge incineration plant. The model assumes the bed consisting of a fast-gas phase, an emulsion phase and a fuel particle phase with specific consideration for thermally-thick fuel particles. The model further improves over previous works by taking into account throughflow inside the bubbles as well as the floating and random movement of the fuel particles inside the bed. Validation against both previous lab-scale experiments and operational data of a large-scale industrial plant was made. Calculation results indicate that combustion split between the bed and the freeboard can range from 60/40 to 90/10 depending on the fuel particle distribution across the bed height under the specific conditions. The bed performance is heavily affected by the variation in sludge moisture level. The response time to variation in feeding rate is different for different parameters, from 6min for outlet H(2)O, 10min for O(2), to 34min for bed temperature.     

构造湿地在污水处理厂二级出水后的深度处理应用研究

中国大部分污水处理厂目前均采用二级处理工艺,主要去除碳源污染物,而消解氮、磷类污染物的效果较差.在传统二级处理工艺基础上,对中水进行三级深度处理,BOD5、SS以及COD类污染物去除效果明显,但运行成本较高,处理量受限.人工构造湿地利用基质-植物-微生物复合生态系统的物理、化学和生物的三重协同作用,通过过滤、吸附与沉淀等作用,以及微生物同化分解和植物吸收转化等途径,可有效去除污水中的氮、磷、SS、有机物及重金属等污染物,且具有低投资、低运转费、低维持成本等特点.     

油泥废弃物的生物修复技术研究

本文利用正交试验 ,探讨了堆腐法处理油泥废弃物过程中调控因子 (肥料、客土、水分和 pH)的影响。结果发现 ,投加一定量的客土是影响处理效果的重要因子。通过正交试验选择和确定的最佳处理条件为 :在自然温度 >2 0℃的情况下 ,客土投加量 2 0 %、肥料 10 %、菌剂 5 %、控制水分 30 % (烘干基 )和pH 7。优化条件的建立为油泥废弃物的深度处理提供了理论依据     

哈尔滨市产业转移前后水环境安全度变化研究

基于松花江流域特点与产业转移对水环境的影响,从压力层、状态层、响应层3个方面构建水环境安全评价指标体系,并利用模糊综合评价的方法,对哈尔滨市产业转移前后的水环境安全进行了评价。结果表明：在承接产业转移初期哈尔滨市水环境安全度有所下降,但在转移后期却有了明显提高。另外,各目标层水环境安全度在转移初期也均有不同程度的下降,且随着产业转移进程的推进,压力层水环境安全度基本保持不变,状态层与响应层水环境安全度呈现缓慢上升趋势,说明产业转移不一定对水环境造成消极影响,如果政府能采取合理应对措施,产业转移也能成为水环境保护的契机。