再生水深度处理站在火电厂回用水中的应用

某电厂利用市政中水经再生水深度处理站处理,用于热电厂补充用水。该处理站处理规模750 t/h,主要采用MBR工艺,并使用离子交换进行深度处理。结果表明:工作站运行稳定,水质与水量均满足电厂需求,有效地节约了水资源。     

装配式建筑的精装修对室内环境污染的影响研究

装配式建筑精装修可能会应用甲醛、苯、氡气、氨气和TVOC等大量有害物质,从而产生空气污染、光污染、噪声污染、水污染等,严重影响室内环境,危害人体健康,虽然国家下发相关条例,效果并不显著。对装配式建筑精装修如何污染室内环境进行研究,分别分析了甲醛、苯、氡气、氨气和TVOC这些装修材料的危害能力、对室内环境的污染能力以及对人体健康的损害,通过研究发现装修材料会造成严重污染,必须要加以重视,采取一定措施治理,营造出一个舒适的生活环境。     

Influence of dissolved organic matter from corn straw on Zn andCusorption to Chinese loess

The interaction of Zn and Cu with dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a significant physicochemical process affecting their sorption as well as mobility in soil. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of DOM from corn straw on the sorption of Zn and Cu by loess through batch adsorption technique. The sorption isotherms of Zn and Cu could be well described by the Freundlich equation, and the partition distribution coefficient (k) in the presence of DOM was reduced by 86% for Zn and 58% for Cu, as compared to the control receiving no DOM, suggesting that DOM had a stronger inhibitory effect on Zn sorption than that of Cu. In addition, the sorption of metal increased with an increase in pH for loess, with maximum inhibition on metal sorption observed at pH > 7.6 for Zn and pH > 5.5 for Cu in the absence ofDOM but Cu sorption of DOM was suddenly decreased with an increase of pH at pH > 7.9 in the presence of DOM. At a DOM concentration of <200 mg L^?1, sorption of Zn and Cu was reduced by 46% for Zn and 32% for Cu with an increase in DOM concentration.     

Responses of kinetics and capacity of phenanthrene sorption on sediments to soil organic matter releasing

Soil organic matter (SOM) releasing with dissolved organic matter (DOM) formed in solution was confirmed in a sediment/water system, and the effects of SOM releasing on the sorption of phenanthrene on sediments were investigated. Inorganic salt (0–0.1 mol L^?1 NaCl) was used to adjust SOM releasing, and two sediments were prepared, the raw sediment (S1) from Weihe River, Shann’xi, China, and the eluted sediments with and without DOM supernatant remained, termed as S2a and S2b, respectively. The FTIR and ¹H NMR analysis indicate that the low molecular weight hydrophilic SOM fraction released prior to the high molecular weight hydrophobic fraction. As a response, phenanthrene sorption kinetics on S1 showed atypical and expressed as three stages: rapid sorption, pseudo sorption with partial desorption, and slow sorption, thus a defined “sorption valley” occurred in kinetic curve. In all cases, partition dominates the sorption, and sorption capacity (K_d) ranked as S2b > S1 > S2a. Compared with the alterations of sediment characters, DOM solubilization produced by SOM releasing exhibited a greater inhibitory effect on sorption with a relative contribution of 0.67. Distribution coefficients (K_doc) of PHE into DOM clusters were 2.10?×?10⁴–4.18?×?10⁴ L kg^?1, however a threshold concentration of 6.83 mg L^?1 existed in DOM solubilization. The study results will help to clarify PAHs transport and their biological fate in a sediment/water system.     

淄博孝妇河流域孔隙水流酸盐污染特征及其形成

分析１９８９～１９９６年孔隙水的化学资料,总结出了研究区孔隙水硫酸盐污染的特点,借助原状土柱试验探明,孔隙水中污染组分来源于农业灌溉污水。农灌的频率与强度及大气降水的特点共同决定了本区孔隙水污染特征的形成。因此,停止或减少污灌量是改善地下水环境的有效且经济的方法。     

Chemical properties of dissolved organic matter derived from sugarcane rind and the impacts on copper adsorption onto red soil

Dissolved organic matter (DOM), as the most active organic carbon in the soil, has a coherent affinity with heavy metals from inherent and exogenous sources. Although the important roles of DOM in the adsorption of heavy metals in soil have previously been demonstrated, the heterogeneity and variability of the chemical constitution of DOM impede the investigation of its effects on heavy metal adsorption onto soil under natural conditions. Fresh DOM (FDOM) and degraded DOM (DDOM) from sugarcane rind were prepared, and their chemical properties were measured by Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopes, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and molecular weight distribution (MWD). They were also used in batch experiments to evaluate their effects on the adsorption of Cu(II) onto farmland red soil. Based on our results, the chemical structure and composition of DDOM greatly varied; compared with FDOM, the C/O ratio (from 24.0 to 9.6%) and fluorescence index (FI) (from 1.4 to 1.0) decreased, and high molecular weight (>10 kDa) compounds increased from 23.18 to 70.51%, while low molecular weight (<3 kDa) compounds decreased from 56.13 to 12.13%; aromaticity and humification degree were markedly enhanced. The discrepancy of FDOM and DDOM in terms of chemical properties greatly influenced Cu(II) adsorption onto red soil by affecting DOM-Cu(II) complex capacity. The FDOM inhibited the adsorption of Cu(II), while DDOM promoted adsorption, which was significantly influenced by soil pH. Maximum adsorption capacity (Q _m) was 0.92 and 5.76 mg g^?1 in the presence of FDOM and DDOM, respectively. The adsorption process with DDOM could be better described by the Langmuir model, while that with FDOM was better described by the Freundlich model. The impacts caused by the dynamic changes of the chemical properties of DOM under natural conditions should therefore be considered in the risk assessment and remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals.     

GC和GC／MS法研究SO_2和正己烷的气相光化学反应──大气光化学反应模拟研究（Ⅴ）

报道对大气中ＳＯ２与气相有机污染物的光化学反应模拟研究的另一新结果，利用ＧＣ和ＧＣ／ＭＳ法确定了反应的主要产物、探讨了几种影响因素，并依自由基反应机理阐明了几种主要产物的形成过程。     

山东淄博孝妇河流域地下水污染及环境对其的控制作用

研究了孝妇河流域地下水的主要污染途径、污染组分及其空间的分布特征，用模糊数学方法进行了地下水质量评价；同时研究了地貌条件，河流与含水层之间接触关系及河水的水质等环境条件对地下水污染的控制作用。     

有机碳与水合金属氧化物对反硝化条件下河流沉积层中苯胺降解的影响

采集渭河沉积物及西安某自备井的地下水,沉积物采用逐级分离法处理后,进行厌氧微宇宙实验,研究反硝化条件下河流沉积层中苯胺降解及有机碳与水合金属氧化物的影响.结果表明,硝酸盐为50、300或400mg·L-1,沉积物中的原有或外加的有机碳都对苯胺降解具有抑制作用;去碳沉积物、去碳去金属沉积物实验中,硝酸盐为50mg·L-1时,外加有机碳具有抑制作用,当硝酸盐为300或400 mg·L-1时则有促进作用.去碳沉积物与去碳去金属沉积物的实验发现,无论是否有外加有机碳,水合金属氧化物都对河床沉积层中反硝化条件下苯胺降解具有促进作用.机理分析表明,反硝化条件下,河流沉积层中的微生物以生长代谢的方式利用苯胺,使其降解.苯胺降解经过脱氨基过程.     

TiO2纳米粒子气-固复相光催化氧化VOCs作用的研究进展

本文总结了90年代以来TiO2纳米粒子气-固复相光催化氧化气相有机污染物的影响因素、反应机理和动力学,阐述了几种特定有机污染物的光催化氧化过程,并对应用前景作出展望.