Effect of bulk density of coking coal on swelling pressure

Coking coals are the important raw materials for the iron and steel industries and play an important role on its sustainable development, especially on the stamp-charging coke making with the characteristics of increasing the bulk density. There is a significance on the reasonable usage of the coking coal resource with the reduced production cost, improved efficiency of the economy to develop the stamp-charging coke making technology. Important effects of the density of coking coal on the coking and caking properties were investigated. In the article, the maximum values of swelling pressure and variation of Laowan gas coal and Xinjian 1/3 coking coal, Longhu fat coal and Didao coking coal, which were mined at Shenyang and Qitaihe respectively, were investigated under different bulk densities during the coking. The results showed that when the values of density increased from 0.85 ton/m³ to 1.05 ton/m³, for the Laowan gas coal, swelling pressure variation and even the maximum value changed slightly. The swelling pressure was 3.63 KPa when the density was improved to 1.05 ton/m³; for the Xinjian 1/3 coking coal, the values of swelling pressure changed significantly and the maximum values was 82.88 KPa with the density improved to 1.05 when the coal was heated to 600℃. The coke porosity, which was investigated by automatic microphotometer, decreased from 47.4% to 33.1% with the increasing of the density from 0.85 ton/m³ to 1.05 ton/m³, and the decreased value was 14.3%. Meanwhile, the pore structures of four cokes were characterized by an optical microscope.     

Effect of mass fraction of long flame coal on swelling pressure and microstructures of cokes

Long flame coal are abundant and widely distributed in China, but the resource utilization is quite low, the production efficiency is not high. Stamp-charging coke making technology can bend some long flame coal, which can reduce production cost and expand the coking coal resources. The long flame coal of different mass fraction is added into prime coking coal including fat coal from Longhu, 1/3 coking coal from Xinjian and coking coal from Didao in experiment. The swelling pressure is tested on-line detection using pressure sensor in coke making process, and the pores are observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that, the swelling pressure first increase and then decrease with the temperature increased and the maximum swelling pressure reduces gradually with mass fraction of the Long flame coal from Shenmu increased in coke making process. The SEM images of resultant coke display that the coke get more and more loose and the amount of pores is increased with mass fraction of the long flame coal from Shenmu increased. The amount pores and the pore diameter both is minimum for coking coal from Didao as prime coking coal under the same fraction of long flame coal.     

Effect of bulk density of coking coal on swelling pressure

Coking coals are the important raw materials for the iron and steel industries and play an important role on its sustainable development, especially on the stamp-charging coke making with the characteristics of increasing the bulk density. There is a significance on the reasonable usage of the coking coal resource with the reduced production cost, improved efficiency of the economy to develop the stamp-charging coke making technology. Important effects of the density of coking coal on the coking and caking properties were investigated. In the article, the maximum values of swelling pressure and variation of Laowan gas coal and Xinjian 1/3 coking coal, Longhu fat coal and Didao coking coal, which were mined at Shenyang and Qitaihe respectively, were investigated under different bulk densities during the coking. The results showed that when the values of density increased from 0.85 ton/m³ to 1.05 ton/m³, for the Laowan gas coal, swelling pressure variation and even the maximum value changed slightly. The swelling pressure was 3.63 KPa when the density was improved to 1.05 ton/m³; for the Xinjian 1/3 coking coal, the values of swelling pressure changed significantly and the maximum values was 82.88 KPa with the density improved to 1.05 when the coal was heated to 600°C. The coke porosity, which was investigated by automatic microphotometer, decreased from 47.4% to 33.1% with the increasing of the density from 0.85 ton/m³ to 1.05 ton/m³, and the decreased value was 14.3%. Meanwhile, the pore structures of four cokes were characterized by an optical microscope.     

贯彻《大气污染防治行动计划》力促环境空气质量改善

我国政府审时度势,近日制定和出台《大气污染防治行动计划》,表明我国政府治理大气环境污染、改善民生的决心,同时也标志着我国大气环境管理进入新的历史性转折时期。本文在阐述《行动计划》的总体要求、奋斗目标和具体目标以及十大具体措施基础上,揭示了其主要关键突破点和确保政策落实的重要保障措施。     

中国排污许可证制度执行现状调查

本研究以广州、石家庄、兰州、哈尔滨和大同5个城市为调研对象,收集各城市20年来许可证相关的法规制度,并与各城市环境保护监管部门负责人及典型企业环保专职人员进行了访谈。研究表明,中国排污许可证制度在提高企业环保守法意识和推动总量减排上起到了明显作用,但也面临着法律体系不完善,行政资源不足、排放量核算方法不明确、处罚力度弱以及公众参与不充分等问题。在此基础上,本研究提出中国排污许可证制度的改进建议,为决策部门制定相应的政策提供科学和技术的支撑。     

Effects of nuclear chimney on climate

In this paper, according to the data from several single nuclear explosion experiments of an equivalent to magnitude of million tons, and combined with meteorological data, their effects on the regional climate nave been analysed.     

氟里昂废液的回收与再利用

利用活性炭比表面积大、吸附力强、而且效稳定性好的特性，来抽提氟里昂废液中的“油”份，经抽提回收的氟里昂达到了油分测定仪的使用标准，从而达到了回收再利用氟里昂的目的．     

Association of urinary or blood heavy metals and mortality from all causes,cardiovascular disease,and cancer in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Amounting epidemiological evidence has shown detrimental effects of heavy metals on a wide range of diseases. However, the effect of heavy metal...     

小麦秸秆预处理对厌氧消化性能的影响研究

针对小麦秸秆厌氧消化水解限速步骤,研究了酸、碱和污泥发酵消化液(以下简称消化液)预处理对小麦秸秆厌氧消化性能的影响。结果表明,酸和消化液预处理可以加速小麦秸秆水解酸化,在厌氧发酵第4天时产气中测得甲烷,早于对照和碱预处理。与对照相比,酸、消化液和碱预处理后小麦秸秆和污泥共消化体系的产气量可分别提高13.7%、12.0%和9.2%,产甲烷量可分别提高7.4%、9.5%和5.2%,但碱预处理会延滞厌氧消化产甲烷阶段。厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)是厌氧消化反应器中最主要的菌门,主要包括己酸菌属(Caproiciproducen s)、乙醇生孢产氢菌属(Hydrogenispora)、瘤胃梭菌属(Ruminiclostridium)、罗伊氏乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)和Ruminiclostridium_1属等,其中己酸菌属和乙醇生孢产氢菌属可以作为小麦秸秆和污泥共消化的监测指标,在厌氧消化前期反应器中微生物主要为己酸菌属,而后期主要为乙醇生孢产氢菌属。     

Spatial and temporal variation of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants in 26 cities in China

O3and PM2.5were introduced into the newly revised air quality standard system in February 2012, representing a milestone in the history of air pollution control, and China's urban air quality will be evaluated using six factors(SO2, NO2, O3, CO, PM2.5and PM10) from the beginning of 2013. To achieve the new air quality standard, it is extremely important to have a primary understanding of the current pollution status in various cities. The spatial and temporal variations of the air pollutants were investigated in 26 pilot cities in China from August 2011 to February 2012, just before the new standard was executed. Hourly averaged SO2, NO2and PM10were observed in 26 cities, and the pollutants O3, CO and PM2.5were measured in 15 of the 26 cities. The concentrations of SO2and CO were much higher in the cities in north China than those in the south. As for O3and NO2, however, there was no significant diference between northern and southern cities. Fine particles were found to account for a large proportion of airborne particles, with the ratio of PM2.5to PM10ranging from 55% to 77%. The concentrations of PM2.5(57.5 μg/m3) and PM10(91.2 μg/m3) were much higher than the values(PM2.5: 11.2 μg/m3; PM10 : 35.6 μg/m3) recommended by the World Health Organization. The attainment of the new urban air quality standard in the investigated cities is decreased by 20% in comparison with the older standard without considering O3, CO and PM2.5, suggesting a great challenge in urban air quality improvement, and more eforts will to be taken to control air pollution in China.