Estimating health damage cost from secondary sulfate particles--a case study of Hunan Province, China

IntroductionChina’senergyusepattern ,characterizedbyadominatingrelianceoncoal,hasledtosevereSO2pollutionandresultinghealthdamage .Withconsumptionsoffossilfuelsstilltogrow ,totalhealthdamageisanticipatedtoincrease ,whichwillbeagreatchallengetoChina.Thischallengerequirescomprehensivehealthimpactassessmenttoguideenvironmentalpolicyandreorientpublicopinioninfavorofeffectivepreventiveaction .Generally,the“ImpactPathwayApproach”(Krewit,1 999;Thanh ,2 0 0 0 ) ,whichlinkstheemissiontoconcentrat…     

Human impacts on the terrestrial ecosystem of Fildes Peninsula of King George Island, Antarctica

Ｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｇｅｏｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌｙｅａｒ(ＩＧＹ,1957—1958),Ａｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａｈａｓｂｅｅｎｔｈｅｏｂｊｅｃｔｏｆｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｖｅｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎｂｙｔｅａｍｓｏｆｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓ...     

Study on urban water environmental support capacity

ＳｔｕｄｙｏｎｕｒｂａｎｗａｔｅｒｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｃａｐａｃｉｔｙＧｕｏＨｕａｉｃｈｅｎｇ；ＹｅＷｅｎｈｕ（ＣｅｎｔｅｒｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ，ＰｅｋｉｎｇＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１００８７...     

普通高校的音乐教学探讨

音乐教育对每个人的素质培养具有重要作用,但长久以来音乐教育都不被学校、学生所重视,在我国高校的音乐教育才刚刚起步。作者根据自身多年的高校音乐教学经验,认为高校的音乐教育关键是编订独具特色的音乐教材、开启学生的兴趣之门、施行兼收并蓄的教学方法。     

Dynamic simulation and modeling of PCP transport between sediment and water

ＤｙｎａｍｉｃｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｍｏｄｅｌｉｎｇｏｆＰＣＰｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔａｎｄｗａｔｅｒＬｉＴｉｅ，ＹｅＣｈａｎｇｍｉｎｇ，ＬｅｉＺｈｉｆａｎｇＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏＥｎｖｉｒｏ...     

大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)对心血管内皮细胞NOS的影响

运用体外试验方法,探讨了大气细颗粒物的心血管毒性及其可能的作用机制采集上海城区大气中的PM25,并以0.01、0.05、0.2、1 mg·mL-1剂量染毒大鼠心血管内皮细胞24 h后,观察PM2.5对心血管内皮细胞内总NOS,iNOS及cNOS活力等指标的影响.发现与对照组相比,0.2 mg·mL-1染毒组的心血管内皮细胞总NOS和iNOS活力显著增加,而cNOS活力显著降低,并且随着PM25染毒剂量的增加,存在剂量-反应关系.这一结果表明,PM2.5可通过诱导心血管内皮细胞的iNOS活性,对心血管系统产生氧化应激损伤,氧化应激作用可能是PM2.5心血管系统毒性的作用机制之一.     

氯化钡对水体生化自净过程影响的探讨

本文就不同浓度的钡对天然水的生化需氧过程、氨化及亚硝化过程的影响进行了探讨。发现大于5.00mg/l的钡在一定程度上抑制水体的生化需氧过程,增大钡离子的浓度,没有更有效地加强钡的抑制作用。同时,大于5.00mg/l的钡也对氨化和亚硝化过程产生影响,这种影响是通过降低这两个过程的反应速度来实现的。     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯在天然水中的生物降解及其颗粒物界面效应

主要研究了邻苯二甲酸二丁酯在天然水体中的生物降解过程和颗粒界面作用对生物降解的加速作用。根据均相和非均相水环境中ＤＢＰ的生物降解模拟实验和理论推导，得出低浓度ＤＢＰ的降解速率与颗粒物浓度可以近似用线性关系表示，并用效应因子表示颗粒物对生物降解速率的影响。     

燃煤烟气中多环芳烃(PAHs)光化学降解的研究

研究了各种条件下，燃煤烟气中多环芳烃（PAHs）的光化学降解。实验结果表明，采用模拟日光中紫外部分的荧光灯照射，PAHs光解率随光照强度、照射时间、温度和水蒸气含量的增加而增大。由此推断，在夏季高温、潮湿和高日照条件下，PAHs一般在数小时内即全部降解。而在冬季低温、干燥和低日照的气候条件下，PAHs降解速率很小，可在大气中停留较长时间，扩散到较远距离。还提出了由烟气中水蒸气产生的气态OH自由基以及未燃尽烃类自由基与激发态PAHs碰撞导致发生PAHs污染物光化学降解的反应机理。     

Game theoretic analysis of environmental impact assessment system in China

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) system has been established in China since 1973. In present EIA cases, there are four participants in general: governments, enterprises, EIA organizations and the public. The public has held responsible for both social costs and social duties. The public supervises social costs produced by enterprises discharging pollutant in EIA. However public participation is mostly deputized by governments, which severely weaken the independence of the public as one participant in EIA. In this paper, EIA refers to the different attitudes of the participants whose optional strategies may be described by a proper game model. According to disfigurements in EIA, three sides (governments, enterprises, and EIA organizations) dynamic iterative game theory, dynamic game theory of incomplete information, and perfect Bayesian equilibrium theory to analyze the reciprocity relation among governments, EIA organizations and enterprises. The results show that in a short period, economic benefit is preponderant over social benefit. Governments and enterprises both do not want to take EIA to reveal social costs. EIA organizations’ income comes from enterprises and the collusions are built between them to vindicate economic benefit. In a long run, social benefit loss caused by environmental pollution must be recuperated sooner or later and environmental deterioration will influence the achievements of economic benefit, so both governments and enterprises are certain to pursue high social benefit and willing to take EIA, helpful to increase private benefit. EIA organizations will make fair assessment when their economic benefit are ensured. At present, the public as silent victims can not take actual part in EIA. The EIA system must be improved to break the present equilibrium of three sides, bringing the public to the equilibrium to exert public supervision.