流动注射在线预富集-火焰原子吸收法测定水样中Cr(Ⅵ)*

用二乙基硫代氨基磺酸钠（NaDDTC)作为螯合剂的流动注射在线配合C18固相萃取预富集联用火焰原子吸收测定体系,在线分离测定水体中的Cr(Ⅵ),分析试样速率为50个／h,对含Cr(Ⅵ)0.02mg／L和0.15mg/L的标准 溶液进行8次平行测定,其相对标准偏差分别为6.90%和2.18%,相对误差为2.11%-4.75%,方法检测限为4.92ug/L。富集时间为40s,与直接进样比较,灵敏度提高8倍。Cr（Ⅲ)的含量即使达到10mg/L也不影响测定。     

赖氨酸对铜绿微囊藻细胞的抑制机理

在光照条件下赖氨酸可以有效地抑制铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)的生长,为了探讨其抑制机理,研究了不同含量赖氨酸对铜绿微囊藻细胞的毒理效应.结果表明:赖氨酸对不同品系铜绿微囊藻生长的抑制效果为无毒藻株＞低毒藻株＞高毒藻株,抑制率为95.52%～49.69%.在抑制前期.赖氨酸对铜绿微囊藻细胞抗氧化系统(SOD、MDA)和细胞膜完整性都没有显著影响,但对细胞色素(叶绿素a和藻胆蛋白)以及细胞酯酶活性具有显著影响;在抑制后期,铜绿微囊藻细胞破碎死亡,各种指标都发生显著性变化.铜绿微囊藻对赖氨酸的响应并不产生细胞脂质过氧化等一般的毒理效应,它可能是一种有序变化的死亡过程.     

我国海洋自然保护区面临的主要问题及管理策略

我国海洋自然保护区的建立,在保护海洋环境、物种资源,维护海洋生态平衡等方面起了重要作用;然而海洋自然保护区建设管理工作起步较晚、基础薄弱、保护区的管理正处于摸索阶段,还存在一些问题.文章提出了目前我国海洋自然保护区在管理体制、总体布局规划、经费投入、法律法规以及科研工作方面存在的主要问题,并根据这些问题提出相应解决的管理策略.     

序贯高斯法模拟新沂、东海农业区土壤砷空间变异性

采用序贯高斯条件模拟值法,研究了江苏省新沂、东海农业区土壤砷含量空间变异性.结果表明,研究区土壤砷为正偏态分布,经高斯非线性转化后,符合二阶平稳假设.其经验半变异函数表现为各向同性.采用加权多项式法,对经验半变异函数拟合结果进行评价,并根据结果选择了带块金效应的高斯模型作为拟合模型.对研究区砷分布情况进行了100次模拟,模拟结果平稳.根据模拟数据与实际监测数据的关系,采用相关系数法选择最终模拟结果.研究区西北部土壤砷含量最高,中北部最低.     

Increase of multi-metal tolerance of three leguminous plants by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization

A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Glomus mosseae on the growth and metal uptake of three leguminous plants (Sesbania rostrata, Sesbania cannabina, Medicago sativa) grown in multi-metal contaminated soil. AMF colonization increased the growth of the legumes, indicating that AMF colonization increased the plant’s resistance to heavy metals. It also significantly stimulated the formation of root nodules and increased the N and P uptake of all of the tested leguminous plants, which might be one of the tolerance mechanisms conferred by AMF. Compared with the control, colonization by G. mosseae decreased the concentration of metals, such as Cu, in the shoots of the three legumes, indicating that the decreased heavy metals uptake and growth dilution were induced by AMF treatment, thereby reducing the heavy metal toxicity to the plants. The root/shoot ratios of Cu in the three legumes and Zn in M. sativa were significantly increased (P < 0.05) with AMF colonization, indicating that heavy metals were immobilized by the mycorrhiza and the heavy metal translocations to the shoot were decreased.     

硫酸锰废渣浸出毒性及淋溶特性研究

长沙市兴镇13家硫酸锰厂的生产废渣使当地的生态环境造受到了严重破坏。本文在废渣浸出毒性实验、渣柱淋滤实验以及废渣的全分析基础上,全面地研究了废渣的组成、浸出毒性大小以及在当地酸沉降条件下的淋滤特征,为其安全处置提供了理论基础。研究证明,废渣中重金属种类多、含量高,尤其是锰,高达138800mg/kg。渣的浸出毒性虽未达到国家规定的危险废物鉴别标准,但远超过了《污水综合排放标准》,其衰减可用负指数方程来描述。在酸雨淋溶下,渣中的锰离子会在短时期内大量释放后,维持在一相对较低水平长期释放,对环境威胁巨大。     

Variations in global temperature and precipitation for the period of 1948 to 2010

Climate change has impacts on both natural and human systems. Accurate information regarding variations in precipitation and temperature is essential for identifying and understanding these potential impacts. This research applied Mann–Kendall, rescaled range analysis and wave transform methods to analyze the trends and periodic properties of global and regional surface air temperature (SAT) and precipitation (PR) over the period of 1948 to 2010. The results show that 65.34 % of the area studied exhibits significant warming trends (p?<?0.05) while only 3.18 % of the area exhibits significant cooling trends. The greatest warming trends are observed in Antarctica (0.32 °C per decade) and Middle Africa (0.21 °C per decade). Notably, 62.26 % of the area became wetter, while 22.01 % of the area shows drying trends. Northern Europe shows the largest precipitation increase, 12.49 mm per decade. Western Africa shows the fastest drying, ?21.05 mm per decade. The rescaled range analysis reveals large areas that show persistent warming trends; this behavior in SAT is more obvious than that in PR. Wave transform results show that a 1-year period of SAT variation dominates in all regions, while inconsistent 0.5-year bands are observed in East Asia, Middle Africa, and Southeast Asia. In PR, significant power in the wavelet power spectrum at a 1-year period was observed in 17 regions, i.e., in all regions studied except Western Europe, where precipitation is instead characterized by 0.5-year and 0.25-year periods. Overall, the variations in SAT and PR can be consistent with the combined impacts of natural and anthropogenic factors, such as atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, the internal variability of climate system, and volcanic eruptions.     

Exploring Environmentalism amidst the Clamor of Networks: A Social Network Analysis of Utah Environmental Organizations

Dwelling in a world awash in multiple environmental crises while science and social theory erode the last vestiges of the subject of humanism, it makes sense to imagine our world beyond the lens of humanism and turn to diverse methodologies in order to explore what is going on and how to promote changes that nurture ecological sustainability. In this essay we take on this task in relation to environmental communication. In what follows we explore the contours of the age after humanism, what we term the Age of the Animate Earth. In the wake of the theoretical and actual deconstruction of the subject, we offer networks as a key unit of analysis. From this perspective, we suggest social network analysis (SNA) as one viable method for doing environmental communication studies and perform this move through a SNA of Utah environmental groups.