太阳翼驱动机构的扰振力矩测试与分析

为了研究太阳翼驱动机构(solar array drive assembly,SADA)驱动太阳翼运行期间所产生的扰振力矩特性,设计了一套地面测试系统,包括应变式微振动测试平台、柔性负载以及模拟SADA在轨无重力工作环境的重力卸载装置。阐述了所设计测试系统的工作原理,并利用该测试系统进行了试验测试。测试结果表明:SADA驱动柔性负载运行期间所产生扰振力矩的扰振频率成分主要包含两部分,即:1)SADA驱动柔性负载耦合系统的低阶扭转固有频率;2)SADA电脉冲信号的输入频率及其高阶谐波。     

Performance evaluation of circulating fluidized bed incineration of municipal solid waste by multivariate outlier detection in China

This first nationwide survey was conducted to evaluate the overall performance of the circulating fluidized bed (CFB) incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW) in 2014-2015 in China. Total 23 CFB incineration power plants were evaluated. The data for monthly average flue gas emission of particles, CO, NO _x , SO₂ and HCl were collected over 12 consecutive months. The data were analyzed to assess the overall performance of CFB incineration by applying the Mahalanobis distance as a multivariate outlier detection method. Although the flue gas emission parameters had met the Chinese national emission standards, there were 11 total outliers (abnormal behavior) detected in 6 out of 23 CFB incineration power plants from the perspective of the MSWincineration performance. The results demonstrate that it is more important for a better performance of CFBs to reduce the frequencies of the MSW load changes, rather than the magnitudes of the MSW load changes, particularly reducing the frequencies in the range of 10% and more of the load changes, under the same and stable conditions. Furthermore, the overloading occurs more often than the underloading during the operation of the CFB incineration power plants in China. The frequent overloading is 0% to 30% of the designed capacity. To achieve the stable performance of CFBs in practice, an appropriately designed MSW storage capacity is suggested to build in a plant to buffer and reduce the frequency of the load changes.

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Application of phosphate solubilizing bacteria in immobilization of Pb and Cd in soil

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In the present study, heavy metal (HM)-tolerant phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) were isolated and their performance during the remediation of Pb...     

无功交换对含大量风电场地区电网稳定性影响

针对含大量风电场的地区电网外送电时,外送联络线通道发生永久故障问题,运用电力系统综合分析程序(power system analysis softwarepackage, PSASP)仿真其动态过程,分析无功交换潮流对地区电网形成孤网后稳定性的影响,提出稳定控制策略。结果表明:无功交换潮流较小时,对孤网影响不大;当无功交换潮流较大时,应及时采取如:投退无功补偿装置、限制风电出力、切除部分负荷等措施进行稳定控制。     

江汉平原土地利用对钉螺分布的影响研究

分析了江汉平原2009年易于钉螺孳生的3种土地利用类型（滩地、河渠和水田）比例与钉螺密度的关系。首先,在ERDAS9.2和ENVI4.7软件中对江汉平原2009年的Landsat5TM遥感影像进行了预处理。在已有的多期土地利用数据的基础上,借助eCognition软件利用向量相似度指标来提取土地利用变化区域,结合目视解译经验并运用遥感指标通过建立规则集对变化区域进行分类,将变化区域的分类结果更新2000年数据,得到了该区域2009年的土地利用数据。接下来,整理了江汉平原2009年螺情资料并计算出村级钉螺平均密度,绘制了2009年钉螺分布图。将绘制的钉螺分布图与土地利用分类图叠置分析,并结合收集的螺情数据确定了钉螺易于孳生的3种土地利用类型,分别为滩地、河渠和水田。最后,将钉螺密度与这3种土地利用比例进行线性回归分析。研究结果表明,钉螺密度与这三种土地利用类型比例存在线性回归关系,模型精度为R2=0857。该结论对通过遥感影像来估算钉螺密度具有指导意义,另外也可以为湖北省提出合理用地和灭螺并重的土地利用模式提供一定的科学参考     

基于环境一号卫星高光谱数据的太湖富营养化遥感评价模型

采用环境一号卫星高光谱数据直接监测太湖富营养化状态的方法较多光谱影像监测有着更高的精度优势,对内陆水环境监测具有一定的意义。利用2009年4月地面实测高光谱数据模拟环境一号卫星星上数据,结合确定的太湖富营养化状态遥感评价的水质因子,构建富营养化状态评价模型,并采用实测数据和环境一号卫星高光谱影像数据对模型的精度和适用性进行验证。研究结果表明：（1）选用叶绿素a作为富营养化遥感监测的水质因子监测太湖富营养化状态与综合营养指数法相比,平均相对误差为597%;（2）采用模拟的环境一号卫星高光谱影像数据结合三波段模型与采用地面实测数据评价结果之间的相关系数r=0855,平均相对误差为919%;（3）结合环境一号卫星高光谱影像对2010年5月2日太湖进行富营养化监测评价,结果显示太湖水体整体成中营养状态,存在1129%的监测水域出现轻度富营养化状态     

恩施地区生态足迹和生态承载力评价

以恩施地区2010年统计数据为依据,对其2010年的生态足迹、生态承载力、生态盈余进行计算和分析,并将生态足迹、生态承载力、生态盈余和万元GDP生态足迹分别与恩施地区贫困村分布密度进行空间耦合。研究表明：（1）恩施地区人均生态盈余为0467 hm2,人均生态承载力为0947 1 hm2,人均生态足迹为048 hm2;（2）贫困村分布密度最高的来凤县、建始县人均生态盈余很少,而贫困村分布密度最低的利川市、咸丰县、宣恩县、鹤峰县,人均生态足迹最高和最低的县分别是咸丰县、宣恩县,鹤峰县的生态承载力最高,人均生态盈余最高的是宣恩县、鹤峰县,万元GDP生态足迹最高和最低的分别是利川市,巴东县;（3）通过生态足迹的研究,提出了恩施贫困地区需放大生态比较优势,〖JP2〗因地制宜,努力将生态盈余转化为直接的经济增长,使之能够有效的帮助贫困地区脱贫致富     

Structure and Properties of Cocoons and Silk Fibers Produced by Attacus atlas

Silk fibers in the three layers of Attacus atlas (A. atlas) cocoons have morphological structure and tensile properties similar to that of Bombyx mori silk. Attempts are being made to produce silk for commercial applications from cocoons of relatively unknown wild insects due to the unique properties of the fibers and as a source of income and employment. In this research, A. atlas cocoons were used to study the chemical composition, morphology, physical structure and tensile properties of the silk fibers in the cocoons and ability of the fibers to support the attachment and proliferation of mouse fibroblast cells. It was found that A. atlas cocoons consists of outer, intermediate and inner layer with average breaking tenacity of 4.1, 4.3 and 3.6 g/den, respectively similar to that of B. mori silk (4.3–5.2 g/den). The heavier cocoons, less restrictive rearing conditions and good properties of the fibers compared to B. mori silk makes A. atlas a potential alternative to common silks for commercial scale silk production. A. atlas fibers had about 80 % higher optical densities of cells and extensive growth of F-actin compared to B. mori silk fibers.     

锰矿区土-水界面污染流中重金属来源分析

基于对湘潭锰矿红旗矿区土-水界面重金属污染流的采样分析,通过相关性和主成分分析法,研究了锰矿区土-水界面重金属污染流中的锰、镍、铜、锌、镉、铅重金属的来源以及同源性。结果表明:6种重金属的差异性、离散程度、变异性较大;锰—镍、锰—锌、锰—镉、锰—铅、镍—锌、铜—锌、铜—铅、锌—镉、锌—铅、铅—镉呈极显著正相关,镍与锰以外的其他重金属相关性都较低;3个主成分的贡献率分别为58.300%、16.628%、11.115%,累积贡献率达到了81.543%,并且6种重金属在主成分1的载荷非常高。结合矿区的周边环境和自身特点,表明6种重金属的主要共同来源为矿区内的矿业活动,并且工业活动、交通运输、农业活动等也对矿区造成了一定程度的重金属污染。     

Direct N2O decomposition over La2NiO4-based perovskite-type oxides

Direct decomposition of N₂O by perovskite-structure catalysts including La₂NiO₄, LaSrNiO₄, and La_0.7Ce_0.3SrNiO₄ was investigated. The catalysts were prepared by the Pechini method and characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), BET, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and O₂-TPD. Experimental results indicate that the properties of La₂NiO₄ are significantly improved by partially substituting La with Sr and Ce. N₂O decomposition efficiencies achieved with LaSrNiO₄ and La_0.7Ce_0.3SrNiO₄ are 44 and 36%, respectively, at 400ºC. As the temperature was increased to 600ºC, N₂O decomposition efficiency achieved with LaSrNiO₄ and La_0.7Ce_0.3SrNiO₄ reached 100% at an inlet N₂O concentration of 1,000 ppm, while the space velocity was fixed at 8,000 hr^?1. In addition, effects of various parameters including oxygen, water vapor, and space velocity were also explored. The results indicate that N₂O decomposition efficiencies achieved with LaSrNiO₄ and La_0.7Ce_0.3SrNiO₄ are not significantly affected as space velocity is increased from 8,000 to 20,000 hr^?1, while La_0.7Ce_0.3SrNiO₄ shows better tolerance for O₂ and H₂O_(g). On the other hand, N₂ yield with LaSrNiO₄ as catalyst can be significantly improved by doping Ce. At a gas hour space velocity of 8,000 hr^?1, and a temperature of 600ºC, high N₂O decomposition efficiency and N₂ yield were maintained throughout the durability test of 60 hr, indicating the long-term stability of La_0.7Ce_0.3SrNiO₄ for N₂O decomposition.

Implications:Nitrous oxide (N₂O) not only has a high global warming potential (GWP₁₀₀ = 310), but also potentially destroys ozone in the stratosphere. Pervoskite-type catalysts including La₂NiO₄, LaSrNiO₄, and La_0.7Ce_0.3SrNiO₄ are applied for direct N₂O decomposition. The results show that N₂O decomposition can be enhanced as Sr and Ce are doped into La₂NiO₄. At 600ºC, N₂O decomposition efficiencies achieved with LaSrNiO₄ and La_0.7Ce_0.3SrNiO₄ reach 100%, demonstrating high activity and good potential for direct N₂O decomposition. Effects of O₂ and H₂O_(g) contents on catalytic activities are also evaluated and discussed.