水环境磷的灰化法测定中不同灰化助剂的效果比较

以磷酸二氢钠和偏磷酸钠为磷标样,对加入不同盐试剂(灰化助剂)经不同温度(150℃～550℃)灼烧后磷的回收率进行了比较.所研究的灰化助剂除文献中报道过的MgSO₄和Mg(NO₃)₂外,还对MgCl₂等10余种盐试剂进行了实验.结果发现,磷酸二氢钠和偏磷酸钠加入MgSO₄在常规的灼烧温度下灼烧,用0.2mol/L HCl于80℃浸提0.5h不能使磷全部回收,而MgCl₂、MgA     

Comparison of CNT-PVA membrane and commercial polymeric membranes in treatment of emulsified oily wastewater

CNT-PVA membrane was fabricated and compared with polymeric membranes. The separation performance was evaluated by homemade and cutting fluid emulsions. The three membranes show similar oil retention rates. CNT-PVA membranes have higher permeation fluxes compared with polymeric membranes. CNT-PVA membrane shows higher fouling resistance. Membrane separation is an attractive technique for removal of emulsified oily wastewater. However, polymeric membranes which dominate the current market usually suffer from severe membrane fouling. Therefore, membranes with high fouling resistance are imperative to treat emulsified oily wastewater. In this study, carbon nanotube-polyvinyl alcohol (CNT-PVA) membrane was fabricated. And its separation performance for emulsified oily wastewater was compared with two commercial polymeric membranes (PVDF membrane and PES membrane) by filtration of two homemade emulsions and one cutting fluid emulsion. The results show that these membranes have similar oil retention efficiencies for the three emulsions. Whereas, the permeation flux of CNT-PVA membrane is 1.60 to 3.09 times of PVDF membrane and 1.41 to 11.4 times of PES membrane, respectively. Moreover, after five consecutive operation circles of filtration process and back flush, CNT-PVA membrane can recover 62.3% to 72.9% of its initial pure water flux. However, the pure water flux recovery rates are only 24.1% to 35.3% for PVDF membrane and 6.0% to 26.3% for PES membrane, respectively. Therefore, CNT-PVA membrane are more resistant to oil fouling compared with the two polymeric membranes, showing superior potential in treatment of emulsified oily wastewater.     

Magnetic graphene-based nanocomposites as highly efficient absorbents for Cr(VI) removal from wastewater

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Due to the merits of their high adsorption and convenient separation, magnetic graphene-based composites have become a promising adsorbent in terms of...     

Effects of intercropping with floricultural accumulator plants on cadmium accumulation in grapevine

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) intercropping with floricultural cadmium (Cd) accumulator plants (Helianthus annuus L., Cosmos sulphureus Cav., Cosmos...     

Growth of Zostera japonica in different sediment habitats of the Yellow River estuary in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The estuarine delta of the Yellow River is a region of strong land-ocean-human interactions that undergoes a unique evolutionary process. The delta is...     

煤矿照度对人反应时间和可靠度的影响研究

煤矿综采工作面狭窄,工作环境昏暗,照明环境普遍不好,是近年来井下事故多发的重要因素之一。针对目前煤矿综采工作面存在的照度问题,通过控制光照时间和操作难度,利用舒尔特表测算反应时间和操作可靠度,使用SPSS20. 0和Excel进行数据处理,设计试验组和对照组来进行对比试验。结果表明,1)从反应时间来看,0～25 min,试验组平均反应时间的变化趋势与对照组相反,被试者的注意力先下降后上升; 25～55 min,被试者逐渐适应低照度环境,反应时间也在逐渐缩短;被试者在低照度条件下操作55 min后,反应时间随光照时间增加而大幅度增加,超过劳动时间临界值后,视觉疲劳度迅速增加,反应急速减慢,从而可能导致安全事故的发生,影响生产效率,此时应合理安排工人休息。2)从操作难度来看,在简单及正常操作难度时,试验组和对照组操作可靠度变化比较接近,表明低照度条件对一般操作的可靠度影响不明显;在极难操作难度时,低照度条件对可靠度影响明显,在井下生产过程中,低照度环境下应尽量避免安排复杂的机械化操作。3)反应时间与光照时间呈二次函数关系,通过建立回归方程量化了两者的关系,为以后合理安排煤矿工人劳动休息时间提供了理论依据。     

空间阻塞对室内燃气泄漏爆炸影响研究

以餐饮企业的熟食操作间为例建立物理模型,通过CFD方法模拟不同空间阻塞度下天然气泄漏爆炸情形。研究结果表明:阻塞率在99.95%~100%时,燃气浓度呈现反抛物线式上升。空间阻塞率在99.982%时（开敞面积1 m2）,泄漏1 200 s,熟食操作间燃气浓度值可达6%;空间阻塞率在99.955%（开敞面积2.5 m2）~100%时,燃气爆炸后熟食操作间内产生的超压最大值均大于30 kPa;当空间阻塞率在99.991%（开敞面积0.5 m2）~100%时,设定工况下爆炸超压随空间阻塞率呈指数式增加。研究认为,空间阻塞率在99.95%以上,燃气泄漏极易形成可燃蒸汽云,发生爆炸产生冲击波超压能够毁坏建筑物,在生产和生活中,对于有燃气使用的空间,应尽可能降低空间阻塞率,以避免可能的燃气泄漏形成危险域和爆炸形成过高冲击波超压。     

控制稻田甲烷排放的农业技术选择

本文探讨了通过农业技术措施，控制稻田甲烷排放以及减少甲烷排放的潜力。试验结果表明：（１）用沼渣代替农家肥堆肥作基肥时，４种沼渣基肥处理中，有３种处理稻田甲烷排放通量比施农家肥的处理减少２４～６２％，比单纯施化肥处理减少１１～５６％；１种沼渣（马粪）由于腐熟度不够，其处理甲烷减排效果不明显；（２）改换氮肥的施用种类。以硝铵、硫铵代替尿素作追肥，甲烷排放通量分别减少２６％和４６％；（３）稻田的科学灌溉技术，从水用分蘖到抽穗期间，间歇落干，可以明显减少甲烷排放，而对产量无影响；（４）水稻半旱式栽培技术，也可明显抑制稻田甲烷排放。     

利用脂肪酶提高鱼油中多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs)甘油酯

利用脂肪酶选择性的水解作用研究提高鱼油中多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFAs)甘油酯的含量.通过对5种不同来源脂肪酶的筛选,以来源于米曲霉脂肪酶为最佳酶种;同时研究该酶水解鱼油的最佳工艺条件:反应温度、加酶量、反应转速、添加剂影响;最后确定最佳的富集PUFAs甘油酯时间.在此工艺条件下,鱼油中EPA由3.0%提高到9.0%,DHA由4.3%提高到16.5%,EPA DHA由7.3%提高到25.5%.图3表1参8     

碱性矿化水灌溉对土壤溶质运移的影响

经过连续几年的灌溉试验可知,应用2.5 g稬-1以下的低矿化水灌溉是安全的,超过此值土壤积盐和碱化明显。灌溉后,土壤中溶质运移受多因素影响。在阳离子分布中,水平方向Na+随灌溉水矿化度增大而增多,Ca2+、Mg2+变化不大;土壤剖面上,从表层至60 cm土层,先以Ca2+、Mg2+为主,过渡到Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+共同占优,再发展为以Na+占优。阴离子的分布中,水平方向,随灌溉水矿化度增大HCO3-增多;土壤剖面上,从表向里,先以Cl-或SO42-为主,过渡到C1-、SO42-、HCO3-均分局面,再发展以HCO3-占优。灌溉后土壤pH值在0~20 cm变化不明显,大于20 cm土层有一定增加。土壤中的SAR和ESP均以大于1.5 g稬-1的碱性低矿化水灌溉后增加明显,碱化层由下向上抬升,小麦田碱化速度快于玉米田。