NGO collaboration in community post‐disaster reconstruction: field research following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China

The number of communities affected by disasters has been rising. As a result, non‐governmental organisations (NGOs) that attend community post‐disaster reconstruction are often unable to deliver all requirements and have to develop cooperative approaches. However, this collaboration can cause problems because of the complex environments, the fight for limited resources and uncoordinated management, all of which result in poor service delivery to the communities, adding to their woes. From extensive field research and case studies conducted in the post‐Wenchuan earthquake‐stricken communities, this paper introduces an integrated collaboration framework for community post‐disaster reconstruction with the focus on three types of NGOs: international, government organised and civil. The proposed collaboration framework examines the three interrelated components of organisational structure, operational processes and reconstruction goals/implementation areas. Of great significance in better promoting collaborative participation between NGOs are the crucial concepts of participatory reconstruction, double‐layer collaborative networks, and circular review and revision.     

根据阵流估计泥石流堆积参数

泥石流堆积是泥石流产生灾害的主要方式，也是进行泥石流灾害评估的主要依据。根据泥石流堆积的形态特征提出了堆积的元过程叠加，将堆积与间歇性的阵流运动联系起来；利用近20年来蒋家沟泥石流阵流序列的观测数据，估计了堆积的相关因子，如速度、流深、流量、堆积厚度等。这些因子表现出一定的频率分布特征，它可能改变过去确定论的泥石流观念，同时也为提出新的泥石流评估模式提供了定量的依据。     

水解酸化-磷酸铵镁法-EGSB组合工艺处理大豆蛋白废水

采用水解酸化-磷酸铵镁（MAP）法-EGSB组合工艺对大豆蛋白废水进行处理,考察了水解酸化系统运行效果,并对其运行参数进行优化;提出MAP法对高浓度氨氮废水的处理方法,并评选其处理高浓度氨氮废水的适宜条件。结果表明,水解酸化系统运行稳定,最适pH为7.0,最佳水力停留时间为12 h,氨氮转化率高达95.8%;MAP法处理高浓度氨氮废水的优选条件为n（Mg）：n（N）：n（P）=1：1：0.8,此条件下氨氮去除率为88.3%,磷酸去除率为76.7%;EGSB反应器经过三个月的启动后可稳定运行,有机负荷高达到9.88 kg·（m3·d）-1,COD去除率达到90.0%左右。水解酸化-MAP-EGSB组合工艺在处理大豆蛋白废水时可获得连续稳定的处理效果,为大豆蛋白废水处理的工程化提供了基础依据。     

广西冻雨气候及天气形成的机理分析

利用广西1952-2008年57年每年11月至下一年3月89个市县级台站地面报表资料和NCEP资料,对广西近20年来冻雨的多年空间分布特征和主要影响系统、温度、水汽等特征进行了探讨。结果表明:冻雨发生的周期是6～7年,基本发生在广西23°N以北区域。冻雨分布图上24～25°N有3个高值中心,这3个中心和地形图上3个高值中心基本重合。月平均温度10°N以内区域为冻雨易发区。广西冻雨天气主要有两种类型:阻塞型和两槽一脊型。阻塞型比两槽一脊型一般来说,冻雨维持时间更长。风场结构,上南风、下北风的层结结构加上中低层水汽发展旺盛,是广西冻雨形成的一个条件。在垂直方向,逆温层的存在是冻雨发生的关键。     

城市灾害对城市土地利用的影响

随着城市的不断扩张，对城市土地利用的需求量也在不断增加。地震、火灾、风灾、地质破坏是现代城市的主要灾害，城市灾害在一定程度上制约着土地利用的类型。充分运用GIS的空间分析功能，研究了城市灾害对城市土地利用的影响，所得结果可为城市土地利用规划提供辅助决策参考。     

Health risk assessment of heavy metals in Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae) from the upper Mekong River

The purposes of this research are to quantify the concentration of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, As, Pb, Cd, and Hg) in the water and fish tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in the upper Mekong River and to thereby elucidate the potential dietary health risks from fish consumption of local residents. Surface water and fish tissues (gill, muscle, liver, and intestine) from four representative sample areas (influence by a cascade of four dams) along the river were analyzed for heavy metal concentrations. Results revealed that the levels of heavy metals in fish were tissue-dependent. The highest Cu and As levels were found in the liver; the highest Zn and Pb levels occurred in the intestine, and the highest Hg level was found in the muscle. The total target hazard quotient (THQ) value for residents is > 1 for long-term fish consumption, and local residents are, therefore, exposed to a significant health risk. Results from the current study provide an overall understanding of the spatial and tissue distribution of heavy metals in water and fish body along the upper Mekong River under the influence of cascade dams and highlight the potential health risk of As for the local residents of long-term fish consumption.

     

自然灾害社会脆弱性评估研究——以上海市为例

基于投影寻踪聚类模型(PPC),结合基于实数编码的加速遗传算法(RAGA),对上海市进行了自然灾害社会脆弱性评估的尝试。结果表明:①灾害社会脆弱性最高的为崇明县,其次为宝山区和金山区;②灾害社会脆弱性最低的是黄埔区,其次是徐汇区和静安区;③总体而言,灾害脆弱性较低的地区集中于上海城市中心区,而城市边缘区的社会脆弱性一般较高。     

长江流域商品粮基地建设与农业持续发展

长江流域横跨我国中亚热带,光、热、水气候资源及其时空组合优势明显,土地自然生产力较高。粮食生产在全国占有重要地位。但由于流域内山地比重大,人口稠密,人均土地资源偏少,在现有耕地资源有限和粮食市场不稳等的多重压力下,历史时期内形成的“南粮北调”正逐渐被“北粮南调”所取代。在分析长江流域粮食生产现状和近二十年来商品粮基地建设对粮食生产的促进作用的基础上,从流域经济持续发展角度,提出了发挥长江流域粮食生     

The investment and treatment efficiencies of industrial solid waste in China’s Yangtze and non-Yangtze River Economic Belts

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - With the rapid development of China’s industrial sector, solid waste emissions have exploded along with the mismatch between treatment...