试论人工生态系统——兼论太湖流域的发展

生态学是一门综合的科学,涵义很广,牵涉的学科很多,似应属于环境科学的范畴之内.德国科学家恩斯特·海克尔1869年创建了“生态学”一词(源出希腊Oikos,家和住处之意),到本世纪初期,生态学一直是一门研究生物与其生活环境之间的相互关系的科学。二十年代中期,生态学的涵义有了发展,从集中研究某一物种的单物种生态学发展为研究生活在同一环境中的物种的群体生态学.英国坦斯勒1935年首次提出“生态系统”并认为它是一定空间内生物组成和非生物组成所构成自然功能单位.1942年林德曼探索生态系统中一切生物和非生物的能量流通和物质循环问题.到了1950年科学家们把生态系统作为生态学研究的基本单位,并认为它是在空间和时间上精确规定了的实体.生态系统研     

厌氧条件下活性翠蓝生物降解性能研究

通过试通,考察厌氧条件下金属络合型活性染料活性翠蓝的生物降解过程,表明活性翠蓝的厌氧降解过程是氧菌对活性翠蓝与葡萄糖产生共代谢作用的结果,通过4因素3水平正交试验,厌氧条件下pH值,葡萄糖浓度,染料浓度对活性翟蓝降解率的影响是显著的,而污泥浓度的影响不显著,经正交试验确定,当pH＝6,葡萄糖浓度＝0.5g/L,染料浓主工＝20mg/L时,有利于达到较高的活性翠蓝降解率。     

镁渣配料煅烧硅酸盐水泥熟料的研究

研究了镁渣矿物组成和镁渣配料煅烧硅酸盐水泥熟料的反应动力在数和物理性能。结果表明：镁渣的主要矿物组成为γ－Ｃ２Ｓ、β－Ｃ２Ｓ、ＭｇＯ、ＣＦ、Ｃ２Ｆ、ＦｅＯ、ＣａＦ２等，并且镁渣可降低熟料形成反应表观活化能，加速熟料矿物的形成，提高熟料的强度。     

有机废气催化燃烧技术

对催化燃烧处理有机废气的基本原理、特点及经济性，以及催化剂、动力学和工艺流程等研究进展进行综述。     

To enhance the reproduction of Phanerochaete chrysosporium by adding natural lixiviums in liquid medium

Great promotion to the reproduction of white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporlum by adding natural lixiviums such as from wood, maize core and potato in liquid medium was found in this research. Incubated in the liquid medium contained 10 mg/L glucose as carbon source with natural lixiviums for three days, the production of myeelium pellet reaches more than 80 g/L, which is 5 times more than that of without natural lixiviums. Incubated in the liquid medium contained 5 mg/L glucose as carbon source with natural lixiviums for three days, the production of myeelium pellet can reach 69.5 g/L, while the production in the medium without natural lixiviums is very low. When the liquid medium contained 1-20 g/L glucose as carbon source, the production of myeelium pellet in 3 d can only reach 12.5 g/L to 14.5 g/L. The fungus in the medium with potato lixiviums are easily contaminated by other microorganisms and in the medium with maize core lixiviums are easily bulking, while in the medium with wood lixiviums are neither easily contaminated nor bulking. Medium with wood lixiviums can produce more pellet than other medium, endure contamination and keep better sedimentation capacity. So that, wood lixivium is borer additive to the culture of white rot fungi in liquid medium. Addition of the mixture of wood, maize core and potato lixiviums is of advantage to the productian of mycelium pellet. The difference of the production in the medium with different amount of wood lixiviums showed little in the first 3 d, while it esnanded after 3 d. Wood lixiviums stimulate the growth of P. chrysosporium instead of supply organies which fungi need.     

Spatial heterogeneity of vegetation under different grazing intensities in the Northwest Heilongjiang Steppe of China

In northern China, recent degradation of semi-arid grasslands caused by overgrazing is serious. At Green Grassland Village, west of Daqing City in Heilongjiang Province, three grasslands with different degrees of degradation were surveyed. In the survey, a new method of vegetation analysis based on the beta-binomial distribution, was adopted to describe the frequency of occurrence and spatial heterogeneity for each plant species.Chenopodium centrorubrum, Cleistogenes squarrosa and a Carex species were commonly found in the three grasslands. Non-degraded grassland with light grazing was dominated by Arundinella hirta, Filifolium sibiricium, Lespedeza hedysaroides, Potentilla verticillaris, Stipa baicalensis and Thymus serpyllum. These species belong to the erect-type or do not develop large clones under light grazing. These species can be used as indicators of a well-managed grassland in this area. On the other hand, the degraded grassland with heavy grazing was dominated by Artemisia spp. and Euphorbia humifusa var. pilosa. Artemisia spp., E. humifusa var. pilosa, Eragrostis pilosa and Setaria viridis belong to the creeping-type or develop rather large stocks or stolons under heavy utilization. These species increased the spatial heterogeneity in the degraded grassland with heavy grazing.Under degraded conditions, species diversity decreased and spatial heterogeneity of the communities tended to increase.     

连云港港口渔船防污工作的调查与思考

通过对连云港港口渔船防污工作的现场调查，分析了存在的问题，对渔船的污染危害进行了评估，并提出了对策。     

Ti-15-3热镦粗变形的数值模拟及实验研究

Ti-15-3合金的热镦粗过程进行了数值模拟和实验研究，分析了变形程度对Ti-15-3合金组织的影响。结果表明，Ti-15-3合金件热变形后，组织很不均匀，为了保证零件的性能，得到晶粒细化的均匀组织，热变形过程中的变形程度需要足够大。     

电动汽车与燃油汽车的环境指标比较

对燃油汽车的尾气直接污染，尾气间接污染和噪声污染的环境指标进行了分析。比较了电动汽车与燃油汽车的同类环境指标，指出中国发展电动汽车对于改善环境的重要作用。     

污泥处理与处置的认识误区与技术对策

通过分析我国污泥处理处置的现状及国内外污泥处理处置发展动态,指出目前污泥处理过程中在污泥处理责任主体、污泥监管系统和相关标准上存在的若干问题,以及就目前各种污泥的处置方案,引出污泥处理处置的认识误区,从而对污泥处置方法进行分析说明,找出一条经济可行、管理方便的处理对策,并对污泥的最终处置方式提出合理的建议。