浅谈外墙保温材料对建筑防火的影响

本文通过对几种外墙保温材料及国内外外墙保温技术的介绍,从中分析出引起建筑耐火极限降低的原因,找到在目前条件下,最适合外墙保温的材料及技术,以降低火灾的发生。     

再生白土无污染生产技术的研究

用低浓度的废酸水对废白土进行活化,并采用洗涤水循环漂洗的方法,对再生白土无污染生产技术进行研究,以期循环利用废白土,保护环境,节约资源。结果表明：废酸水浓度为15％,固液比1：3,酸化时间3h时,再生白土脱色率为98．0％。     

A2/O工艺中的反硝化除磷

A2/O工艺是一种最简单的同步脱氮除磷工艺,但由于其系统中固有的基质竞争和污泥龄等矛盾,在实际应用中特别是处理低C/N比污水时脱氮除磷效率较低.反硝化除磷工艺作为近年来颇受关注的污水生物处理新技术.由于在脱氮除磷过程中可以在碳源利用上耦合,可从一定程度上缓解A2/O工艺中的基质竞争矛盾,使得其在处理低C/N比污水时也能实现较高的脱氮除磷效率.就反硝化除磷的技术原理,结合其在A2/O工艺中的最新研究成果及其控制策略,对A2/O工艺中的反硝化除磷的实现、维持及影响因素进行了分析和探讨,并对其发展方向进行了展望.     

三峡库区沙坝沟滑坡影响因素分析与稳定性评价

在不同工况下,通过采取不同的岩土体物理力学参数来计算沙坝沟滑坡的稳定系数并分析影响因素,得到影响该滑坡稳定性的主要因素为降雨、地下水作用及人类工程活动,在一定条件下可能成为滑坡失稳破坏的诱导因素。最后为滑坡防治提出一些建议,对滑坡的预测和防护提供依据。     

六安流动地磁测量异常的映震能力探讨

将安徽省六安地区流动地磁测线 12个流动地磁测点的∑ |δfi|异常与安徽中西部地震活动性作对比分析 ,初步结果为 :12个流动地磁测点的∑ |δfi|值较大 (∑ |δfi|≥Fu) ,一年内安徽中西部地区的地震活动性增强 ;反之 ,则安徽中西部地区的地震活动性较弱。此方法在地震的中短期预报中有一定的实用意义。     

常规灭鼠下城市小型兽类生态的初步研究

为了了解常规灭鼠下城市小型兽类的种类组成和数量季节消长,通过分析浙江省杭州、宁波、绍兴、金华、湖州和萧山等6个城市1997－1999年灭鼠情况和3年的监测数据,结果表明,其种类组成啮齿目的的褐家鼠、黄胸鼠、小家鼠、黑线姬鼠和食虫目的臭QuQing;其中袍家鼠占42．9％、小家鼠32．1％、黄胸鼠10．6％、黑线姬鼠6％、臭QuQing8．3％;这些动物的密度季节变化呈现单峰型或双峰型。每年3－4月和9－10月开展两次灭鼠,能有效地控制小型兽类的密度,但应注意灭鼠药的轮换和灭鼠药的发放形式。     

长三角城市群污染输送相互影响的敏感性试验

利用WRF-Chem模式,对2013年11月29日至12月11日长江三角洲地区的严重空气污染事件进行数值模拟,研究长三角核心区不同污染物本地源和外来输送所占比重。分析长三角核心区排放源对本地不同污染物浓度的污染贡献。结果表明,在2013年12月的这一次污染事件中,颗粒物平均本地贡献与外来输送基本比重相当;而SO_2、CO、NH_3、NO_x这4种气体污染物则以本地贡献为主,本地贡献的差异与气体的化学反应活性有关,活性越强本地贡献比重越大。污染过程中12月7日至12月9日00:00为污染最严重的时段,污染物的本地贡献有明显上升。区域间输送的方向和强度与地面风向、风速有紧密的联系。在边界层高度范围内,大部分污染物越往高空本地排放源的贡献越弱,外来输送主导作用增强,而硝酸盐在地面、1 km和1.5 km的本地贡献差异远小于其他污染物。     

Histopathological changes in zebrafish embryos exposed to DLPCBs extract from Zhanjiang coastal sediment

Dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DLPCBs) are ubiquitous persistent pollutants that cause adverse effects in many environmental organisms. DLPCBs in marine sediments can be absorbed by benthic organisms, bioaccumulate, and biomagnify through the food chain and threaten animal and human health. There are no reports of DLPCBs concentrations in the Zhanjiang Gulf seabed. This study was designed to investigate the concentration of DLPCBs in the Zhanjiang coastal sediment and histopathological changes in zebrafish (Diano rerio) embryos exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of DLPCBs. Of the five sites selected, two sites TS and JSW contained DLPCBs at concentrations of 0.08 and 22.54 ng/g dry sediment, respectively. Two groups of zebrafish embryos were used. One group was exposed to 3.75, 7.5, 15, 30, and 60 mg/ml of DLPCBs extracted from the sediments sampled from the TS site and the second group to 4.375, 8.75, 17.5, 35, and 70 mg/ml of DLPCBs from JSW site from 0.75 h post-fertilization (hpf) to 96 hpf. The zebrafish exposed to 60 and 70 mg/ml of DLPCBs at 96 hpf displayed gross histopathological changes with cardiac lesions including pericardial edema being the most deleterious. Other changes observed were hydropic degeneration of gill filaments and hepatocytes, loss of intestinal folds, and uninflated swim bladder. It appears that only a few sites of the Zhanjiang gulf are contaminated with DLPCBs. This is the first report of histopathological changes in the gills, hepatocytes, intestines, heart, and the swim bladder in zebrafish embryos exposed to DLPCBs from a coastal sediment. Further studies with sampling at different stages of development are required to identify which organ/tissue is most sensitive to DLPCBs.     

Quality assessment of groundwater from the south-eastern Arabian Peninsula

Assessment of groundwater quality plays a significant role in the utilization of the scarce water resources globally and especially in arid regions. The increasing abstraction together with man-made contamination and seawater intrusion have strongly affected groundwater quality in the Arabia Peninsula, exemplified by the investigation given here from the United Arab Emirates, where the groundwater is seldom reviewed and assessed. In the aim of assessing current groundwater quality, we here present a comparison of chemical data linked to aquifers types. The results reveal that most of the investigated groundwater is not suitable for drinking, household, and agricultural purposes following the WHO permissible limits. Aquifer composition and climate have vital control on the water quality, with the carbonate aquifers contain the least potable water compared to the ophiolites and Quaternary clastics. Seawater intrusion along coastal regions has deteriorated the water quality and the phenomenon may become more intensive with future warming climate and rising sea level.     

氨基化有机-无机杂化整体柱分离富集环境水中五价砷

将四乙氧基硅烷(TEOS)和N-(β-氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(AEAPTES)作为共聚前体,采用在毛细管内原位聚合的方式制备得到氨基功能化的有机-无机杂化整体柱,将其作为针式固相微萃取(SPME)介质,建立了现场分离富集环境水中As(V)的SPME方法,优化了有机-无机杂化整体柱富集As(V)的实验条件,并研究了整体柱对As(V)的吸附/洗脱性能和富集能力,实现了环境水样中As(V)的高效、快速、高选择性检测。