长江流域商品粮基地建设与农业持续发展

长江流域横跨我国中亚热带,光、热、水气候资源及其时空组合优势明显,土地自然生产力较高。粮食生产在全国占有重要地位。但由于流域内山地比重大,人口稠密,人均土地资源偏少,在现有耕地资源有限和粮食市场不稳等的多重压力下,历史时期内形成的“南粮北调”正逐渐被“北粮南调”所取代。在分析长江流域粮食生产现状和近二十年来商品粮基地建设对粮食生产的促进作用的基础上,从流域经济持续发展角度,提出了发挥长江流域粮食生     

池火灾热辐射下的最小安全距离

防火间距是石油化工企业平面设计中的一个重要参数 ,笔者旨在从流体力学角度研究池火灾发生情况下邻罐之间最小安全距离 ,从而给防火间距的制定提供依据。辐射是储罐区池火灾的主要传热方式 ,作者对池火灾形状以及介质辐射吸收性质进行了适当的简化 ,用CFD软件Fluent对丙烷液化烃储罐池火灾热辐射进行了数值模拟。模拟结果表明对于锰钢材料、内径为 1 2 4 1 0mm液化烃压力储罐 ,稳态池火灾情况下 ,相邻两储罐之间的最小安全距离为 1 5m。     

"开放型"区域资源策略探析--以浙江省为例

本文从区域资源安全的内涵出发,以浙江省为研究对象,在分析了省域资源条件及供给现状的基础上,提出了构建“开放型”区域资源安全体系的总体思路。     

Microbial degradation of phthalic acid esters under anaerobic digestion of sludge

The microbial degradation by anaerobic sludge of three phthalates, priority pollutants, listed by both China National Environmental Monitoring Center and the U.S.EPA, namely, dimethyl (DMP), di-n-butyl (DBP) and di-n-octyl (DOP) phthalates was investigated. The experimental results indicated that the biodegradation rate and the biodegradability of three phthalates under anaerobic conditions appeared to be related to the length of the alkyl-side chains. More than 90% of DMP and DBP with the short alkyl-side chain phthalates can be degraded, whereas the DOP degradation appeared to be relatively slow under the same experimental conditions. The quantity of methane produced was measured and the results showed that both the ester groups and the phthalate ring were mineralized at a significant rate. The kinetics study demonstrated that the biodegradation of three phthalates conformed to the first-order model with respect to their concentrations.     

Carbon disulfide at a Chinese viscose factory external and internal exposure assessment

This article presents the results of carbon disulfide exposure measurements in a Chinese viscose rayon factory. The objectives of the study were to identify the external exposure levels at a large factory and to investigate the 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA) concentrations in the urine of the subjects who were exposed to carbon disulfide in the working place atmosphere. The metabolism of carbon disulfide in the exposed subjects was also studied in order to demonstrate the best points in time for the internal exposure sampling. The measurement of the amount of personal exposure to carbon disulfide in the air of the workplace was performed by GC-FPD; the presence of TTCA in the workers urine was analyzed by use of a modified HPLC method. The kinetics of TTCA excretion was studied by analyses at different time-points both during and after exposure to carbon disulfide in the subjects. A total of 155 personal samples were obtained. The carbon disulfide concentration in the staple viscose hall was 13.72 +/- 1.12 mg m-3 in terms of the geometric mean +/- geometric standard deviation, and was 20.05 +/- 1.33 mg m-3 in the filament spinning hall. The TTCA values in the subjects who worked in the staple spinning hall were 1.18 +/- 0.43 mg g-1 creatinine and 1.07 +/- 0.38 mg g-1 creatinine for subjects working in the filament spinning hall. The best time for TTCA sampling is at the end of the working shift, the TTCA excretion was stable for a period of 4-12 h after exposure of the subjects to the carbon disulfide. It might be that the Chinese have different anthropometric characteristics; a sampling bias may therefore appear among different races.     

全密闭电石炉尾气治理及综合利用

由于全密闭电石炉的尾气性质特殊，治理和综合利用存在一定的难度。本文总结了国内电石生产厂家的多种治理和利用方法，并根据国家产业政策的要求，提出了适合我国国情的电石炉烟气治理及综合利用方法。     

500 kV紧凑型输电线路走廊与电磁环境

通过介绍500 kV郓城～泰山紧凑型送电线路的设计,围绕输电线路走廊问题,对紧凑型线路和常规线路进行了比较,重点分析了紧凑型输电线路在提高输电能力的同时所具备的节约走廊占地和减轻电磁环境影响的技术特点.从环境保护角度来看,500 kV紧凑型输电线路是一项值得推广的技术.     

城市灾害对城市土地利用的影响

随着城市的不断扩张，对城市土地利用的需求量也在不断增加。地震、火灾、风灾、地质破坏是现代城市的主要灾害，城市灾害在一定程度上制约着土地利用的类型。充分运用GIS的空间分析功能，研究了城市灾害对城市土地利用的影响，所得结果可为城市土地利用规划提供辅助决策参考。     

建筑材料及制品燃烧性能试验规范概述

建筑材料和制品燃烧性试验规范对保证建筑物内人的生命安全和财产安全是极为重要的。笔者对美国、加拿大、欧盟、日本以及中国的建筑材料燃烧性能试验规范进行分析、比较和综述。通过研究认为美国和加拿大对建筑材料燃烧性能的要求和试验方法基本相似,他们主要针对材料的燃烧性、火焰传播进行检测;欧盟于2001年颁布了新的燃烧性分级体系,该分级体系包括专门针对铺地材料部分和针对其他所有建筑构件材料和产品部门;日本采用锥形量热计法(ISO5660)将内装饰材料分为不燃、准不燃和阻燃材料3个等级;我国对建筑材料的试验方法包括不燃性试验方法、墙和天花板内装饰材料的三级分级体系和铺地材料两级分级体系。