酚类环境雌激素对水生生物毒性效应的研究进展

已有研究发现多种酚类化合物可以干扰水生生物正常内分泌代谢,对生物生殖系统、神经系统、免疫系统等产生毒性效应,进而通过食物链的生物放大作用对人体产生危害。酚类化合物对生物体的内分泌干扰效应已经成为了近年来的研究热点。结合近年来国内外毒理学研究进展,在详细概述酚类化合物对水生生物的毒性效应及作用机制的基础上,并对目前研究中存在的问题以及未来的研究方向进行了探讨和展望。     

Selected dark sides of biomass-derived biochars as environmental amendments

With the rapid increase in the application of biochars as amendments, studies are needed to clarify the possible environmental risks derived from biochars to use safely the biomass resources. This work reported selected dark sides of maize straw-and swine manurederived biochars pyrolyzed at 300 and 500°C. During the pyrolysis processes, total heavy metals in the biochars were enriched greatly accompanying with considerable emission of the heavy metals into atmosphere and the trends became increasingly obvious with pyrolysis temperature. Meanwhile, the biochars showed distinctly decreased available heavy metals compared with raw feedstocks, which could be mainly attributed to the sorption by the inorganics in the biochars. The water-and acid-washing treatments significantly increased the releasing risks of heavy metals from biochars into the environments. Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis indicated that persistent free radicals, emerged strongly in the biochars as a function of the aromatization of biomass feedstocks, were free from the influence of water-, acid-, or organic-washing of the biochars and could remain stable even after aged in soils for 30 days. Dissolved biochars, highly produced during pyrolysis processes, showed distinct properties including lower molecular weight distribution while higher aromaticity compared with soil dissolved organic carbon.The results of this study provide important perspectives on the safe usage of biochars as agricultural/environmental amendments.     

淮河水体取代苯类污染及其生态风险

测定了13种取代苯类污染物、阿特拉津和乙草胺在淮河4个监测断面水、水体沉积物，鲤鱼（Grass Carp）中的浓度，并计算了上述有机污染物的生物富集因子（BAF）和生物沉积物浓缩因子（BSAF）。同时通过在现场放置的三油酸酯半渗透膜采样器（SPMD）研究，发现上述污染物在SPMD中的浓度和在鲤鱼脂肪或沉积物有机质中的浓度之间有显著相关性，因此，提出利用SPMD得到的三油酸酯沉积物富集因子（TSAF）来代替BSAF，用于沉积物污染生态风险评价。在怕检测的污染物中，影响水体水质的主要是2，4－二硝基苯，六氯苯，阿特拉津，采样断面中蚌埠的生态风险最大。     

农用污泥中铜的生态安全阈值研究

本论文采用污泥和土壤外源铜的活性差异系数法研究了农用污泥中铜的生态安全阈值。首先通过比较确定不同土壤条件下污泥中铜和水溶性铜的活性差异的系数,然后利用系数法得到相应土壤条件下污泥铜HC5值(即能够保护95%物种的浓度),并建立了土壤理化性质参数与污泥铜HC5值的量化关系和预测模型。最后与我国现行污泥农用标准值进行了比较,提出了修改建议。结果表明,土壤中来源污泥的铜活性均值约为来源水溶性盐的40%左右。土壤阳离子交换量(CEC)是影响土壤中污泥源铜的毒性的主控因子,可影响污泥铜HC5值变异的84.6%,而土壤pH值和有机碳含量(OC)分别可影响污泥铜HC5值变异的8.4%和1.8%。基于土壤pH、OC和CEC的三因子模型进行预测优于基于土壤pH和CEC的两因子模型,其相关性达到94.8%。与模型预测值相比,我国现行污泥农用标准GB4284-84与CJ/T309-2009中对铜限值的规定均存在着不同程度的保护不足或保护过度问题。     

纳米Fe3C/炭纤维非均相电芬顿降解二甲基砷的研究

针对结构稳定且难以靠常规方法去除的二甲基砷,制备新型负载Fe_3C纳米粒子的炭纤维催化剂,并对其非均相电芬顿降解二甲基砷进行了研究.结果表明,纳米Fe_3C/CF与阴极产生的H2O2发生电芬顿催化反应产生羟基自由基将二甲基砷降解为一甲基砷和As(V),As(V)可被同步吸附在Fe_3C/CF催化剂表面.通过考察电催化过程中初始p H、反应物初始浓度、电流强度和催化剂投加量等因素对催化氧化DMA效果的影响,表明在初始p H为3,二甲基砷初始浓度为5 mg·L~(-1),Fe_3C/CF投量为500 mg·L~(-1)的最佳条件下,经非均相电芬顿反应360 min后,二甲基砷去除率高达96%.     

Decoupling and decomposition analysis of transportation carbon emissions at the provincial level in China: perspective from the 11th and 12th Five-Year Plan periods

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Based on the Tapio decoupling model, this paper calculates the decoupling indexes of the transportation output and the transportation carbon emissions...     

吹扫捕集/气相色谱/质谱法测定水体中54种常见挥发性有机物的研究

运用吹扫捕集/气相色谱/质谱(P＆T/GC/MS)法对水体中54种常见的挥发性有机物(VOCs)进行了测定.结果表明,VOCs的色谱分离情况较好,平均加标回收率为88.5%～117.0%,相对标准偏差为0.71%～8.50%,准确度和精密度均符合有关分析测试的要求;方法检出限为0.10～0.61μg/L,远低于<地表水环境质量标准>(GB 3838-2002)、<生活饮用水卫生标准>(GB3838-2002)及国外相关标准的限值;54种VOCs的线性范围不同,低沸点的VOCs线性范围较宽,高沸点的VOCs的线性范围较窄,因此在分析VOCs样品配制标准工作曲线时,应注意不同沸点VOCs的线性范围.     

New insights into the sorption mechanism of cadmium on red mud

Effectiveness and mechanism of cadmium (Cd) sorption on original, acidified and ball milling nano-particle red muds were investigated using batch sorption experiments, sequential extraction analysis and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The maximum sorption capacity of Cd was 0.16, 0.19, and 0.21 mol/kg for the original, acidified, and nano-particle red muds at pH 6.5, respectively. Both acidification and ball-milling treatments significantly enhanced Cd sorption and facilitated transformation of Cd into less extractable fractions. The Cd L_III-edge XANES analysis indicated the formation of inner-sphere complexes of Cd similar to XCdOH (X represents surface groups on red mud) on the red mud surfaces although outer-sphere complexes of Cd were the primary species. This work shed light on the potential application of red mud to remediate Cd-contaminated soils and illustrated the promising tool of XANES spectroscopy for speciation of multicomponent systems of environmental relevance.     

中国固体废物中镉检测能力现状与检测方法分析

2020年9月,新修订的《固体废物污染环境防治法》正式生效,固体废物污染防治相关制度进一步完善。为了解和掌握国内环境检测实验室固体废物检测能力水平,为环境管理部门提供客观准确的数据支撑,该研究组织了31个省(自治区、直辖市)各级各类生态环境检验检测机构共计368家实验室开展了固体废物中镉实验室间比对研究,利用稳健统计技术统计分析比对结果。结果显示:省级站、地市级以上站和社会化检测机构检测合格率分别为97.0%、89.8%、81.0%,整体合格率为87.5%,表明目前国内环境监测领域各级各类实验室固体废物中镉的整体检测能力较好。对实验室使用的检测方法进行分析比较,结果表明使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法的比对结果合格率最高(96.0%),其次为石墨炉原子吸收法(84.4%)、电感耦合等离子体法(83.9%),而火焰原子吸收法的合格率仅为57.9%,建议实验室应慎重选择使用火焰原子吸收法检测固体废物中低浓度的镉。     

高效阴离子交换色谱脉冲安培检测法测大气颗粒物（PM2.5、PM10）中10种糖醇类物质

建立了大气颗粒物(PM_(2.5)、PM_(10))中10种糖醇类物质的离子色谱检测法。建立了大气颗粒物(PM_(2.5)、PM_(10))中丙三醇、赤藓糖醇、木糖醇、左旋葡聚糖、山梨醇、甘露聚糖、海藻糖、甘露醇、半乳聚糖、葡萄糖的高效阴离子交换色谱(HPAEC)与脉冲安培检测器(PAD)联用技术(HPAEC-PAD)的快速检测法。样品采用2 mg/L叠氮化钠溶液60 min振荡提取,经浓度为250 mmo L/L,流速为0.40 m L/min的氢氧化钠淋洗液洗脱30 min后,浓度逐步增加,60 min时达到500 mmol/L,10种物质被完全洗脱。该方法线性良好,线性回归系数大于0.999,实际样品测试加标回收率为84%~115%,精密度为0.5%~8.2%,对北京市2016年1月采暖季的大气颗粒物样品(PM_(2.5)、PM_(10))进行检测,其中左旋葡聚糖质量浓度最高,分别为(113±124)ng/m~3,(118±100)ng/m~3,其他9种物质均有检出。