华北地区下古生界海相烃源岩芳烃生物标志物地球化学特征──兼论饱和烃、芳烃生源组合特征

本文详细总结了华北地区下古生界海相烃源岩中芳烃生物标志物特征，主要包括菲系列、联苯系列、苯并芴系列，三芴系列、荧蒽系列、芘系列、苯并荧蒽和苯并芘系列、　系列和三芳甾烷系列，而萘系列含量较低。我们发现三芳甾烷C(28)（20S）／C(28)（20R）比值似乎显示了较好的热演化特征。     

Hydrogen storage and distribution systems

Hydrogen storage and transportation or distribution is closely linked together. Hydrogen can be distributed continuously in pipelines or batch wise by ships, trucks, railway or airplanes. All batch transportation requires a storage system but also pipelines can be used as pressure storage system. Hydrogen exhibits the highest heating value per weight of all chemical fuels. Furthermore, hydrogen is regenerative and environment friendly. There are two reasons why hydrogen is not the major fuel of toady’s energy consumption: First of all, hydrogen is just an energy carrier. And, although it is the most abundant element in the universe, it has to be produced, since on earth it only occurs in the form of water. This implies that we have to pay for this energy, which results in a difficult economic task, because since the industrialization we are used to consuming energy for free. The second difficulty with hydrogen as an energy carrier is the low critical temperature of 33 K, i.e. hydrogen is a gas at room temperature. For mobile and in many cases also for stationary applications the volumetric and gravimetric density of hydrogen in a storage system is crucial. Hydrogen can be stored by six different methods and phenomena: high pressure gas cylinders (up to 800 bar), liquid hydrogen in cryogenic tanks (at 21 K), adsorbed hydrogen on materials with a large specific surface area (at T < 100 K), absorbed on interstitial sites in a host metal (at ambient pressure and temperature), chemically bond in covalent and ionic compounds (at ambient pressure), oxidation of reactive metals e.g. Li, Na, Mg, Al, Zn with water. These metals easily react with water to the corresponding hydroxide and liberate the hydrogen from the water. Finally, the metal hydroxides can be thermally reduced to the metals in a solar furnace.     

紫木凼金矿开采过程中的环境效应:2.污染趋势分析

主要对紫木凼金矿区CN- 、As、Hg、Pb、Zn五个污染项目进行了趋势分析和污染预测。氰化物虽然是剧毒污染物 ,但它具有很强的自净降解作用 ,对矿区的污染影响不大 ,只是对于废液池的清洗外排必须先治理后排放。建立了As、Hg、Pb、Zn在各个污染途径中的定量分配模式。该模式表明 ,开采过程中As、Hg、Pb的大部分 ( 64 %以上 )进入废液池外排 ,其余的进入矿渣。在此基础上 ,对这些元素从 1 989年到 2 0 0 0年的开采总量、进入废液、土壤、积水坑的分量进行了计算 ,并给出了在堆场下伏粘土中各元素的饱和吸附量和开始外排的时间。     

水环境中的灰色水质风险研究

在灰色系统理论中定义了一个白化度用来描述水质风险，并作了实例研究，将结果与概率风险进行了比较分析。研究表明，用两种方法研究的风险呈现了较一致的变化趋势，因此，用灰色系统理论研究水质风险具有一定的可行性。     

关于现代模具制造的研究

此文构造了面向工艺过程规划的现代模具制造框架,并与传统模具制造相对比,总结出现代模具制造的主要特点,存在的问题及相应对策。     

新型伞形罩烟气洗涤器的性能研究

针对中小型燃煤锅炉的粉尘和二氧化硫等有害气体的污染问题,开发出一种新型伞形罩烟气洗涤器。以粉煤灰、空气和水为物系,测试了伞形罩烟气洗涤器的压降(ΔP)、除尘效率和动力消耗。实验的入口气速为10～18m/s,含尘浓度为2～22g/m3,液气比(L/G)0～0.8L/m3。结果表明:伞形罩洗涤器的ΔP较小,在250～750Pa范围内;当L/G为0.2L/m3时,除尘效率达98.8%以上,动力消耗约0.06×10-3kW.h/m3(气体约216Pa),实现节能高效的目的。     

基于主逻辑图的安全风险建模研究

概率风险评估已成为研究复杂系统安全风险较为成熟的方法 ,其风险模型的建立是基于故障树/事件树的 ,风险分析具有众多的静态特性。然而 ,大的复杂系统往往存在诸多动态因素 ,在风险研究需要考虑这些动态因素的情况下 ,基于传统故障树 /事件树的模型则难以提供支持。笔者对此进行了分析 ,提出了基于主逻辑图的安全风险建模 ;主要介绍了主逻辑图的概念及其建模方法 ,并对模型进行了分析 ;在此基础上 ,基于主逻辑图分析事故场景 ,对场景风险的量化评估进行了简要介绍 ,并结合某核反应堆例子进行了分析。     

Alteration in Rhizosphere Soil Properties of Afforested <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhamnus lycioides</Emphasis> Seedlings in Short-Term Response to Mycorrhizal Inoculation with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Glomus intraradices</Emphasis> and Organic Amendment

The reestablisment of autochthonous plant species is an essential strategy for recovering degraded areas under semiarid conditions. A field experiment was carried out to assess the short-term effect of two reafforestation methods involving mycorrhizal inoculation and compost addition on soil quality parameters and Rhamnus lycioides seedling growth. The nutrient content (NPK) and enzymatic activities (dehydrogenase, urease, protease-BAA, acid phosphatase and β-glucosidase) increased and bulk density decreased in the rhizosphere soil with the organic amendment. Biomass C of rhizosphere soil increased by at least 240% with respect to the control soil after mycorrhizal inoculation and the combination of compost addition + mycorrhizal inoculation. Both mycorrhizal inoculation and composted organic residue addition increased R. lycioides seedling growth in the same proportion. In the short term, we conclude that the application of both reafforestation methods not only enhances the establishment of R. lycioides seedlings, but also improves soil quality.     

高速铁路轨道的安全管理

高速铁路的轨道结构要求具有高平顺性。为使轨道结构的平顺性持久、稳定 ,需要在设计、施工、管理各个环节进行严格控制。国外高速铁路的运营经验表明 ,轨道的安全管理在实现高速行车时 ,起着巨大的技术保障作用。笔者在分析高速铁路轨道结构的平顺性特征基础上 ,讨论了轨道不平顺管理、列车振动加速度管理、钢轨踏面及伤损管理、无缝线路管理等方面的问题 ,并提出了改进新思路 ,即应建立异常情况下的处理机制。     

热辐射的破坏准则和池火灾的破坏半径

热辐射破坏是发生在开放气环境中的池火灾的主要破坏机理。本文讨论了热辐射的破坏准则，提出预测池火灾破坏半径的方法，进行了数值模拟计算，分而和时纳了池火灾的基本规律