金属有机骨架材料MOF-5利用C3H6选择性催化还原NO的研究

采用溶剂热法在不同温度（120、150、180℃）、不同时间（12、24、48 h）条件下制备MOF-5催化剂,利用热重分析仪（TG）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、傅立叶红外光谱仪（FT-IR）对其进行表征,研究不同条件下MOF-5样品的水热稳定性及特征官能团、化学键等指标.结果表明,利用溶剂热法制备的MOF-5样品稳定性良好,390℃结构开始坍塌.对比FT-IR、XRD等表征结果,选择图线形状最好、出峰位置最多的120℃、24 h条件下的MOF-5样品作为载体,对其进行了Cu的负载,负载量依次为1%、3%、5%.根据TG曲线,选择在MOF-5维持稳定结构、同时与尾气排放环境中的温度较为接近的350℃作为反应温度,利用傅立叶原位红外技术考察不同负载量的Cu-MOF-5在不同温度条件下对NO吸附能力大小、吸附过程中间物的变化情况,初步研究以C₃H₆作为还原剂时的富氧HC-SCR反应的机理.根据原位红外反应结果看出,NO₃^-、—CNO、—CN是重要的中间产物,且以3% Cu负载量的催化剂中间产物变化最为丰富,催化效果最优.     

Ethylenediurea (EDU) pretreatment alleviated the adverse effects of elevated O3 on Populus alba “Berolinensis” in an urban area

Ethylenediurea(EDU)has been used as a chemical protectant against ozone(03).However,its protective effect and physiological mechanisms are still uncertain.The present study aimed to investigate the changes of foliar visible injury,physiological characteristics and emission rates of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)in one-year-old Populus alba"Berolinensis"saplings pretreated with EDU and exposed to elevated O_3(EO,120μg/m~3).The results showed that foliar visible injury symptoms under EO were significantly alleviated in plants with EDU application(p0.05).Under EO,net photosynthetic rate,the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII and the photochemical efficiency of PSII of plants pretreated with 300 and600 mg/L EDU were similar to unexposed controls and significantly higher compared to EOstressed plants without EDU pretreatment,respectively.Malondialdehyde content was highest in EO without EDU and decreased significantly by 14.9%and 21.3%with 300 and600 mg/L EDU pretreatment,respectively.EDU pretreatment alone increased superoxide dismutase activity by 10-fold in unexposed plants with further increases of 88.4%and 37.5%in EO plants pretreated with 300 and 600 mg/L EDU pretreatment,respectively(p0.05).Abscisic acid content declined under EO relative to unexposed controls with the effect partially reversed by EDU pretreatments.Similarly,VOCs emission rate declined under EO relative to unexposed plants with a recovery of emission rate observed with 300 and 600 mg/L EDU pretreatment.These findings provided significant evidence that EDU exerted a beneficial effect and protection on the tested plants against 03 stress.     

Optimization of thermophilic anaerobic-aerobic treatment system for Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)

Optimization of an integrated anaerobic-aerobic bioreactor (IAAB) treatment system for the reduction of organic matter (Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) concentrations) in Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) to legal standards with high methane yield was performed for the first time under thermophilic condition (50°C–55°C) by using response surface methodology (RSM). The experiments were conducted based on a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three independent operating variables, organic loading rates in anaerobic compartment (OLR_an) and mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) concentration in anaerobic (MLVSS_an) and aerobic compartments (MLVSS_a). The optimum conditions for the POME treatment were determined as OLR_an of 15.6 g COD·L^-1·d^-1, MLVSS_an of 43100 mg·L^-1, and MLVSS_a of 18600 mg·L^-1, where high aerobic COD, BOD and TSS removal efficiencies of 96.3%, 97.9%, and 98.5% were achieved with treated BOD of 56 mg·L^-1 and TSS of 28 mg·L^-1 meeting the discharge standard. This optimization study successfully achieved a reduction of 42% in the BOD concentrations of the final treated effluent at a 48% higher OLR_an as compared to the previous works. Besides, thermophilic IAAB system scores better feasibility and higher effectiveness as compared to the optimized mesophilic system. This is due to its higher ability to handle high OLR with higher overall treatment efficiencies (more than 99.6%), methane yield (0.31 L CH₄·g^-1 COD_removed) and purity of methane (67.5%). Hence, these advantages ascertain the applicability of thermophilic IAAB in the POME treatment or even in other high-strength wastewaters treatment.     

废矿物油再生利用项目环评工作的探讨

废矿物油再生利用过程易产生环境污染,环评工作有一定难度。本文从项目选址、回收工艺、产品要求、废气与固废的环境影响及防治措施等方面分析了废矿物油再生利用项目环评报告编制的重点。着重分析了回收工艺应符合《废矿物油回收利用污染控制技术规范》(HJ 607-2011)的要求,从源头控制污染;回收产品应符合《燃料油主要技术要求》SH/T0356-1996中4号柴油的标准;应特别关注恶臭的影响分析及其污染控制措施。同时对该类工程环评证书资质类别的管理提出了建议。     

Insights into fouling behavior in a novel anammox self-forming dynamic membrane bioreactor by the fluorescence EEM-PARAFAC analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Fouling behavior of the novel anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) self-forming dynamic membrane bioreactor (SFDMBR) was elucidated, which is using...     

代谢表面活性剂菌处理含油污泥的研究

试验采用异位生物修复技术堆肥法,对某炼厂油泥进行生物修复处理研究.用微生物代谢的表面活性剂对油泥进行预处理,洗脱油泥中部分油分后进行堆肥试验,投加从油田含油土壤中获得的以石油为唯一碳源、代谢高效生物表面活性剂的微生物C-2菌、F-2菌以及无机营养物和疏松剂(锯末),降解油泥中的石油污染物.经过外源微生物和内源微生物共同作用120 d,油泥中的石油烃总量由22 910 mg/kg下降到3 000 mg/kg以下.试验利用色谱-质谱联用方法分析了降解前后石油组分的变化.菌株经传统方法鉴定为蜡状芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌.     

Carbon price impacts on sector cost:based on an input-output model of Beijing

Under the pressure of sustained growth in energy consumption in China,the implementation of a carbon pricing mechanism is an effective economic policy measure for promoting emission reduction,as well as a hotspot of research among scholars and policy makers.In this paper,the effects of carbon prices on Beijing’s economy are analyzed using input-output tables.The carbon price costs are levied in accordance with the products’embodied carbon emission.By calculation,given the carbon price rate of 10 RMB/t-CO₂,the total carbon costs of Beijing account for approximately 0.22-0.40%of its gross revenue the same year.Among all industries,construction bears the largest carbon cost Among export sectors,the coal mining and washing industry has much higher export carbon price intensity than other industries.Apart from traditional energy-intensive industries,tertiary industry,which accounts for more than 70%of Beijing’s economy,also bears a major carbon cost because of its large economic size.However,from 2007 to 2010,adjustment of the investment structure has reduced the emission intensity in investment sectors,contributing to the reduction of overall emissions and carbon price intensity.     

新型二氧化铅电极性能及掺杂机理研究

利用热分解-电镀法制备了新型Ti基聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、F-共掺杂β-PbO2阳极(Ti/PTFE-F--β-PbO2)处理对甲基苯磺酸(p-TSA),确定了初始pH值为2、P-TSA初始质量浓度500 mg·L-1和电流密度30 mA·cm-2是该种电极催化氧化p-TSA的优化操作工艺条件.在优化工艺条件下,Ti/PTFE-F--β-PbO2电极3h内的p-TSA降解率达到94.46％,TOC降解率达到了36.43％.结合SEM和XRD分析表征,探讨了新型Ti基聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、F-共掺杂β-PbO2电极的掺杂机理,为该电极用于化工废水污染控制提供技术支撑.     

福建省三明市大气环境容量研究

利用CALPUFF空气质量扩散模型模拟了三明市2011年气象场和二氧化硫、二氧化氮和可吸入颗粒物浓度场,利用监测值对模拟结果进行验证表明了模型的适用性;并基于三明市现状污染源,建立大气污染物传递系数矩阵,结合线性优化模型分别测算了三明市现状环境空气质量标准和新标准下的大气环境容量,并进行比较。研究结果表明,目前三明市主要大气污染物尚有较大的环境容量,但是需要严格控制大气污染物特别是工业和机动车尾气产生的氮氧化物的排放。     

基于系统仿真的提升赣江流域水生态承载力的方案设计

保护和改善流域水生态环境已成为环保工作的重要内容和科学研究的重要课题.基于承载力理论和复合生态系统理论,构建了赣江流域水生态承载力系统的概念模型、主导结构模型和系统动力学模型.以2000—2030年为系统仿真区间,仿真结果表明,到2016年赣江流域水生态承载力达到上限,此时可承载人口规模为2566万人,可承载经济规模为11034亿元.赣江流域水生态承载力现状不容乐观,需采取一定的措施.以"节流"、"控污"、"治污"为问题导向,基于"供给管理需求管理"、"末端治理根源治理"、"观念调节行为调节"等公共政策设计的不同视角,初步提出了提升水生态承载力的27个政策干预点,通过政策干预点对系统作用的灵敏性检验,基于识别出的16个灵敏政策干预点,设计了提升赣江流域水生态承载力的综合发展方案.仿真结果表明,到2029年(推后13年)赣江流域水生态承载力达到上限,此时可承载人口规模为2702万人(提升了5.3001%),可承载经济规模为28547亿元(提升了158.7185%).降低人口增长和经济发展速度,提高技术进步和优化产业结构是提升赣江流域水生态承载力的重要途径.