TiO2光催化复合分离膜对水中天然有机物的去除

在水源污染越来越严重、水质标准日益严格的背景下,超滤(UF)已逐渐成为替代饮用水常规处理技术的最佳选择之一。本研究中采用相转化法,将聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)、聚乙二醇(PEG)和二氧化钛(TiO₂)共混制得光催化复合分离膜并对其进行扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和X射线能谱仪(EDS)等相应的表征。比较了有无光照条件下,PVDF-PEG和PVDF-PEG-TiO₂膜对腐殖酸(HA)的截留和超滤过程中的膜污染情况。研究结果表明,TiO₂光催化复合分离膜能提高对水中天然有机物的去除并同时降低膜污染。紫外光照强度越强,PVDF-PEG-TiO₂膜的抗污染性能越好。另外,光催化能更有效地减少超滤初始浓度较低的腐殖酸溶液过程中的膜通量衰减。     

TiO2光催化复合分离膜对水中天然有机物的去除

在水源污染越来越严重、水质标准日益严格的背景下,超滤（UF）已逐渐成为替代饮用水常规处理技术的最佳选择之一。本研究中采用相转化法,将聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）、聚乙二醇（PEG）和二氧化钛（TiO2）共混制得光催化复合分离膜并对其进行扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、原子力显微镜（AFM）和X射线能谱仪（EDS）等相应的表征。比较了有无光照条件下,PVDF-PEG和PVDF—PEG—TiO2膜对腐殖酸（HA）的截留和超滤过程中的膜污染情况。研究结果表明,TiO2光催化复合分离膜能提高对水中天然有机物的去除并同时降低膜污染。紫外光照强度越强,PVDF-PEG—TiO2膜的抗污染性能越好。另外,光催化能更有效地减少超滤初始浓度较低的腐殖酸溶液过程中的膜通量衰减。     

新型生物强化A2/O系统在苯胺废水处理中的应用

针对常规A~2/O系统中污泥菌群泥龄不平衡、易受有毒物质毒害而难以有效处理苯胺类废水的问题,采用经驯化并固定的包埋菌对A~2/O系统进行强化。考察了常规A~2/O系统和生物强化A~2/O系统对氨氮(NH_4~+-N)、总氮(TN)、化学需氧量(COD)的去除效能,且研究了强化前后系统微生物的响应情况。结果表明:随着常规A~2/O系统随进水中苯胺组分的提高,脱氮能力明显下降,TN去除率由76.46%下降到34.28%,NH_4~+-N去除率由97.63%下降到31.82%;在包埋菌强化后,A~2/O系统TN和NH_4~+-N去除率分别恢复至73.09%和93.30%,同时能有效处理60 mg·L~(-1)苯胺。污泥微生物响应结果显示,生物强化A~2/O系统中活性污泥的比好氧呼吸速率(SOUR)和胞外聚合物(EPS)含量明显上升,说明污泥活性增强,抵御有毒物质能力提高。污泥微生物在属水平上,Zoogloea(动胶菌属)、Flavobacterium(黄杆菌属)和Brevundimonas(短波单胞菌属)等具有硝化和反硝化功能的菌属在强化后的相对丰度增加,这表明系统脱氮能力得到增强。生物强化A~2/O系统实现了苯胺类工业废水的有效处理,可为工程应用提供参考。     

建筑供暖节能与改善环境

提高供暖技术,减少供暖能耗对节约能源与改善建筑热环境起着重要作用,本文阐述了目前我国供暖技术及耗能现状,提出在改善居住热环境前提下,面向21世纪供暖技术发展对策。     

Photocatalytic degradation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in pure water system

Due to the low water solubility of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, organic solvent is usually added into the oxidation system to enhance the removal efficiency. In this study the photocatalytic degradation of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209), a type of polybrominated diphenyl ether used throughout the world, in pure water without the addition of organic solvent was investigated. In the pure water system, BDE209 was not dissolved but dispersed as nano-scale particles with a mean diameter of 166 nm. Most of BDE209 (>98%) were removed within 4 h and the final debromination ratio was greater than 80%. Although the addition of organic solvent (tetrahydrofuran, THF) could lead to a relatively high BDE209 degradation rate, the final debromination ratio (<50%) was much lower than that in pure water system. Major oxidation intermediates of tetrahydrofuran, including tetrahydro-2-furanol and γ-butyrolactone, were detected indicating the engagement of THF in the BDE209 degradation process. The photocatalytic degradation of BDE209 in the pure water system followed first-order kinetics. The BDE209 degradation rate constant increased from 0.0011 to 0.0023 min⁻¹ as the pH increased from 3 to 9.     

Heterotrophic ammonium removal characteristics of an aerobic heterotrophic nitrifying-denitrifying bacterium, Providencia rettgeri YL

Bacterium Providencia rettgeri YL was found to exhibit an unusual ability to heterotrophically nitrify and aerobically denitrify various concentrations of ammonium (NH4 +-N). In order to further understand its removal ability, several experiments were conducted to identify the growth and ammonium removal response at di erent carbon to nitrogen (C/N) mass ratios, shaking speeds, temperatures, ammonium concentrations and to qualitatively verify the production of nitrogen gas using gas chromatography techniques. Results showed that under optimum conditions (C/N 10, 30°C, 120 r/min), YL can significantly remove low and high concentrations of ammonium within 12 to 48 h of growth, respectively. The nitrification products hydroxylamine (NH2OH), nitrite (NO2??) and nitrate (NO3??) as well as the denitrification product, nitrogen gas (N2), were detected under completely aerobic conditions.     

水稻秸秆生物碳对重金属Pb2+的吸附作用及影响因素

以农业废弃物水稻秸秆为原料,采用限氧裂解法制备了不同温度(350、500和700℃)下的秸秆生物碳(RC350、RC500和RC700),研究了生物碳对Pb2+的吸附性能、作用机制及影响因素,为准确预测生物碳还田固碳对土壤中重金属迁移行为的影响提供理论参考.结果表明,生物碳对Pb2+的吸附行为符合准一级动力学方程,Pb2+在RC350、RC500、RC700上的吸附速率分别为0.167h-1、0.154h-1、0.388h-1;其等温吸附曲线符合Langmuir方程,最大吸附量分别为65.3、85.7和76.3mg·g-1,是原秸秆生物质RC100的5～6倍、活性炭AC的2～3倍.生物碳单位面积上的有效吸附点位比AC高约10倍.经酸化去除表面矿物成分后,RC350和RC700对Pb2+的吸附能力急剧下降,其最大吸附量、吸附亲和力与AC相近;红外光谱分析表明,去灰分后生物碳上有机碳官能团并无明显减少,而无机矿物(如SiO2)含量显著降低.生物碳中的有机碳组分和无机矿物组分对其吸附Pb2+均有重要贡献,其中无机矿物组分的吸附量及亲和力均大于有机碳组分.     

未来上海市面临的突发性环境污染事故隐患及其应对策略

本文主要描述了未来上海市面临的几种突发性环境污染事故,并简要提出了应对这些事故的策略方针等,从而为上海市的环境风险管理及突发性环境污染事故应急预案的制定提供科学的参考依据。     

Comprehensive insights into the occurrence,source, distribution and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a large drinking reservoir system

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The resource, environment, and ecological value of drinking reservoirs have received widespread concerns due to the pollution of persistent organic...     

水体扰动对铜绿微囊藻生长影响的规律及原因

在实验室条件下模拟不同扰动状态的水体,探讨铜绿微囊藻的生长与水体扰动之间的关系.结果表明,水体的扰动对铜绿微囊藻的生长同时存在促进和抑制作用.低速度扰动时,促进作用占主导地位;高速度扰动时,抑制作用占主导地位.实验发现中营养化条件下,当温度为25℃,光照为4000 lx,光暗比为12 h∶12 h时,300 r.min-1的扰动速度是铜绿微囊藻生长的临界速度.扰动过程可以为铜绿微囊藻的光合作用提供充足的二氧化碳是其能够促进铜绿微囊藻生长的潜在原因.