水中苯酚、五氯酚、2,4,6-三氯酚的高效液相色谱法

本文采用高效液相色谱法，用固相小柱萃取，纯氮气吹气浓缩，以甲醇／水＋醋酸为流动相反相色谱柱分离酚。苯酚、五氯酚、2，4，6－三氯酚一次同时分离，用紫外检测器外标法同时定量测定三者含量，平均回收率分别为95．80％，96．86％，95．72％；R．S．D分别为3．08％，3．36％，2．96％。用于饮用水中酚类测定，结果令人满意。     

开发河南旅游资源的市场导向

本文指出,把旅游资源优势转化为经济优势是河南旅游业发展的关键,转化的方式是将旅游资源变为旅游产品,转化的原则是市场的需求,转化的步骤是根据市场需求,对旅游资源进行筛选,加工成适销对路的产品再推向旅游市场．     

羟基金属柱撑膨润土吸附氟的性能研究

将膨润土进行改性制得4种羟基金属柱撑膨润土,用XRD考察了层间结构,并将它们应用于含氟废水的吸附处理中,研究了各种吸附剂的吸附速率、介质的pH、吸附剂用量、饱和吸附曲线和吸附剂的重复使用性.结果表明,改性得到的羟基金属柱撑膨润土的层间距都明显变大,在实验条件下对氟离子的吸附性能为羟基铁铝复合柱撑膨润土>羟基铁柱撑膨润土>羟基铝柱撑膨润土.该类吸附剂对氟离子还具有较好的重复使用性.     

裂解温度对新疆棉秆生物炭物理化学性质的影响

生物质的裂解温度影响其所生产的生物炭炭的物理和化学性质,进而影响其田间应用效果。棉花秸秆是干旱区特别是新疆地区的主要农业生物质资源,其生物炭利用途径有望克服现有秸秆利用途径的不足,但对棉秆生物炭理化性质及其变化的认识还很缺乏。本文在不同的裂解温度下对新疆棉秆生物炭物理和化学性质进行研究,发现随着裂解温度的升高,生物炭的产率、阳离子交换量、O/C和H/C值降低,p H、电导和持水性能提高,Na+、K+趋势不明显,Cl-和SO2-4等盐碱化离子以及Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)营养元素含量随温度的升高降低;C、N、S、C/N和灰分等均提高,NH+4-N在550℃碳化条件下含量最高。因此在田间应用中,应针对土壤特点和解决的问题,调控碳化温度,从而达到趋利避害的目的。     

四种改良剂对酸性黄壤土壤酸度和肥力的影响

针对贵州黄壤酸和瘠的特点,采用正交实验设计方法对牛粪、生物炭、磷矿粉和钾长石粉四种改良剂对黄壤酸度和氮磷钾含量的改良效果进行了探索,分析了它们对黄壤氮磷钾含量的影响。结果显示,四种改良剂不仅能有效调节黄壤酸度,将酸性黄壤改变为中性或弱碱性土壤,而且能够有效改善黄壤氮磷钾养分含量。生物炭、牛粪、磷矿粉和钾长石粉混合施用能提高土壤肥力,与原始黄壤相比,混合后土壤的有效氮提升近10倍,有效磷提高达百倍,速效钾提高9倍。通过回归分析,给出了氮磷钾养分含量与改良剂之间的关系式。     

Technical feasibility study of an onshore ballast water treatment system

To fulfill the requirements of Guidelines for approval of ballast water management system (G8), a set of onshore ballast water treatment equipment utilizing micro-pore ceramic filtration (MPCF) and UV radiation (MPCF&UV) system was designed and set up with a maximum flow rate of 80 m³·h⁻¹. Technical feasibilities of MPCF&UV system were evaluated in three areas: removal efficiencies of indicator organism and oceanic bacteria, perdurability of a ceramic filter, and application on native seawater. The results showed that no indicator organism (Dunaliella) or oceanic bacteria was detected after treatment of 20 L MPCF and UV radiation at 1.3×10⁴ μW·s·cm⁻². A 20 L ceramic filter can run continuously for 5.3 h at the flow rate of 15 m³·h⁻¹ before its pressure drop up to 0.195 MPa. The removal percentage of total plankton amounts were 91.9% at a flow rate of 70 m³·h⁻¹ by 80 L MPCF and UV radiation at 1.3×10⁴ μW·s·cm⁻².     

有机膨润土载体对乙草胺在土壤中迁移的影响

以季铵盐阳离子改性得到的有机膨润土做载体,调节除草剂乙草胺在土壤中的迁移.土壤层释放实验表明,有机膨润土负载后乙草胺释放减缓,与未负载时相比累计释放量减少1/2—3/4.土壤柱实验表明,有机膨润土可延缓乙草胺淋溶,减少淋溶量.其中采用样品100CTMAB-Bent为载体时,乙草胺10d累计淋溶量仅15%,而土壤表层剩余量占55%以上.说明有机膨润土做载体可延长除草剂药效、减轻对地下水的污染.     

滆湖底泥细菌群落结构及多样性

2015年11月中旬采集常州滆湖底泥及水样,在滆湖水体及底泥现状分析的基础上,采用高通量测序技术对底泥细菌的16S rRNA基因进行序列测定,对底泥细菌群落结构及多样性进行研究.结果显示:滆湖水质整体呈富营养化状态,殷村港、湖北区为轻度富营养化,繁保区、塘门沟为中度富营养化.底泥细菌测得总OTUs(Operational Taxonomic Units)数为6157,多样性高.滆湖底泥细菌隶属26门38纲141属,其中以Proteobacteria、Chloroflexi、Deltaproteobacteria、Betaproteobacteria和Deltaproteobacteriawei为主,并含有少量丰度的Planctomycetacia、Alphaproteobacteria、Thiobacillus、Polynucleobacter和Geobacter等.研究发现,Firmicutes和Alphaproteobacteria丰度与富营养化指数呈显著正相关,而Betaproteobacteria、Actinobacteria和Bacteroidetes丰度与富营养化指数呈显著负相关,即富营养化程度越高,Firmicutes和Alphaproteobacteria丰度也越大,Betaproteobacteria、Bacteroidete和Actinobacterias丰度则越小.     

基于模糊理论的埋地管道交流干扰腐蚀安全性研究

针对埋地管道交流干扰腐蚀的现象,利用层次分析法建立交流干扰腐蚀综合评估指标体系,构建判断矩阵;将判断矩阵的特征向量作为评估指标的权重,结合模糊数学理论,采用模糊综合评估法对埋地管道的交流干扰腐蚀进行评估.最后通过实例对评估方法进行了验证.     

Effect of biomass addition on the surface and adsorption characterization of carbon-based adsorbents from sewage sludge

Sewage sludge with the additive corn cob was used as prescusor to prepare sludge-based carbon adsorbents by pyrolysis method. And then, the carbonizated products were activated with potassium hydroxide. The mixing ratio of the corn cob to sewage sludge was investigated. The surface area and pore size distribution, elemental composition, surface chemistry structure and the surface physical morphology were determined and compared. The results demonstrated that the addition of corn cob into the sewage sludge sample could effectively improve the surface area (from 287 to 591 m 2 /g) and the microporosity (from 5% to 48%) of the carbon based adsorbent, thus enhancing the adsorption behavior. The sulfur dioxide adsorption capacity was measured according to breakthrough test. It was found that the sulfur dioxide adsorption capacity of the adsorbents was obviously enhanced after the addition of the corn cob. It is presumed that not only highly porous adsorbents, but also a high metallic content of these materials are required to achieve good performances.