Controlled release and retarded leaching of pesticides by encapsulating in carboxymethyl chitosan /bentonite composite gel

A novel composite gel composed of carboxymethyl-chitosan (CM-chit) and bentonite (H-bent) was used as the carrier for encapsulating atrazine and imidacloprid to control their release in water and retard their leaching in soil. Strong interactions between CM-chit and H-bent in the composite were confirmed by FT-IR, and good dispersion of pesticides in the carrier was observed by SEM. According to the results of release experiments in water, the CM-chit/H-bent composite carrier showed double advantages of both encapsulation by the polymer and sorption by the bentonite. The time taken for 50 % of active ingredients to be released, t??, was prolonged to 572 h for atrazine and 24 h for imidacloprid, respectively. The difference between the two pesticides on release behavior was related to their hydrophobicity and water solubility. Leaching experiments through a soil layer showed that this novel carrier reduced the amount of pesticides available for leaching, and would be useful for diminishing the environmental pollution of pesticides.     

烟气和粉尘性质对除尘效率影响的仿真研究

应用欧拉-拉格朗日多相流模型对影响电除尘器内部气流分布的烟气含尘浓度、烟气湿度、粉尘粒径及真密度等因素进行了数值仿真。分析了烟气和粉尘性质对除尘效率的影响。由于在仿真过程中考虑了烟气特性和粉尘性质等因素,不仅可获得各因素对气流分布均匀性的影响,而且仿真结果更能反映电除尘器气流分布的实际情况。提出的烟气和粉尘性质仿真方法可以为电除尘器除尘效率分析提供新的途径。     

减压膜蒸馏法处理石煤提钒废水

利用减压膜蒸馏设备处理石煤提钒废水,分别比较了废水经预处理前后,料液温度、流量、渗透侧真空度等操作条件对膜通量和截留率的影响。测定了不同浓缩倍数情况下膜通量的变化。实验表明,进料温度升高会使膜通量增加,温度为65℃时,热效率最高为70．1％。提高料液流量或真空度都会使膜通量增加。废水经VMD处理产出的淡水电导率均在10μS／cm以下,脱盐率可达99．98％以上。在温度为70％、流量为60L／h、真空度为0．095MPa时,石煤提钒废水经预处理后的废水膜通量为11．359kg／（m^2·h）,浓缩10倍时,膜通量仍有3．185kg／（m^2·h）。     

镁基-海水法船舶废气脱硫实船实验

建立了一套中试规模的船舶废气脱硫装置,并通过实船实验对比研究了海水法、镁法和镁基-海水法在船舶废气脱硫系统中的应用。研究结果表明,镁法与镁基-海水法的脱硫效率保持在95%左右;海水法开始时脱硫效率能达到90%,40 min内迅速下降至60%;海水法pH下降迅速,而镁法和镁基-海水法pH下降较平缓,且镁基-海水法的pH较镁法更稳定;镁基-海水法喷淋液中碳酸盐总量不减少,不释放CO2。综合分析认为,镁基-海水法是一种具有广阔应用前景的船舶废气脱硫技术。     

湿法再生吸附剂制备及用于大气CO2的直接捕集

基于湿法再生吸附技术,利用强碱性季铵盐树脂材料制备了异相吸附剂薄膜,应用于大气中极低CO2的直接分离,以对抗全球变暖。通过滴定法分析吸附剂材料的电荷密度和吸附容量,利用SEM分析不同工况下制备出来的膜材料的表观结构,并对膜材料进行CO2吸附性能的测试。结果发现,热处理能够明显提高膜材料的吸附性能,还研究吸附剂制备对吸附速率,吸附量和机械强度等性能的影响,发现粒径小于43μm的树脂粉末,按60％质量分数制成的500μm厚膜材料具有较优的综合性能。     

盐城湿地建设项目对越冬水鸟生境的累积生态影响评价研究

选择盐城湿地的建设项目为研究对象.选取丹顶鹤、雁鸭类和鸻鹬类作为盐城湿地越冬水鸟的代表性物种,选取生境景观类型、土地占用以及人为干扰作为影响因子,利用ArcGIS分别做出三个影响因子对于越冬水鸟生境影响分布图,采用图形叠置法对各因子生境影响进行叠加.据此,以越冬水鸟适宜生境面积的变化来反映建设项目对于越冬水鸟的累积生态影响.并且提出设立鸟类监测救护站和栖息地补偿等生态措施来减少建设项目的影响.     

3种水生植物腐解过程中磷营养物质迁移、转化过程研究

室内模拟沉水植物狐尾藻(Myriophyllum verticillatum L)、浮水植物菱角(Trapa bispinosa Roxb)、挺水植物荷花(Lotus flower)在5.7 g·L~(-1)初始生物量密度下的腐解过程,并探究该过程中磷营养物质迁移、转化规律.结果发现,3种植物腐解速率在第2 d上升至最大值(分别为1.075、1.455、1.16 g·d~(-1))后出现下降-上升-下降的变化规律,并且在整个腐解周期内种间差异性显著(p0.01),造成整个腐解周期内狐尾藻、菱角、荷花3种植物平均磷释放速率分别为0.456、0.670、0.537 mg·g~(-1),且以无机磷酸盐为主;水中释放的磷在底泥吸附及其自身沉降等作用下,明显向底泥迁移转化,水中磷含量下降,最终在试验结束时恢复至初始水平(0.5 mg·L~(-1));该研究可为湖泊水生植被系统的修复或重建提供科学参考.     

温度对细鳞斜颌鲴生理学特性影响的研究

研究了不同温度对细鳞斜颌鲴(Plagiognathops Microlepis Bleeker)生理学特性的影响。结果表明:细鳞斜颌鲴的摄食率、消化率、耗氧率和窒息点均随温度的升高而显著增大(P<0.05)。对摄食与饥饿状态下细鳞斜颌鲴的排氨率均随温度的升高而增大,在25℃时达到最大值。在相同温度下,摄食的细鳞斜颌鲴排氨率显著大于饥饿状态下细鳞斜颌鲴排氨率(P<0.05)。     

Enhanced removal of pentachlorophenol by a novel composite: nanoscale zero valent iron immobilized on organobentonite

Nanoscale zero valent iron (NZVI) was immobilized on the organobentonite (CTMA-bent), so as to enhance the reactivity of NZVI and prevent its aggregation. This novel composite (NZVI/CTMA-Bent) was characterized by transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. Good dispersion of NZVI particles on the bentonite was observed. Its performance on removing pentachlorophenol (PCP) was investigated by batch experiments. Results showed NZVI/CTMA-Bent could rapidly and completely dechlorinate PCP to phenol with an efficiency of 96.2%. It was higher than the sum (54.5%) of reduction by NZVI (31.5%) and adsorption by CTMA-Bent (23.0%) separately. The kinetic studies indicated the removal rate of PCP was positively related to the adsorption. We proposed that the adsorption of PCP by CTMA-Bent enhanced the mass transfer of PCP from aqueous to iron surface. Besides, NZVI/CTMA-Bent exhibited good stability and reusability, and CTMA-Bent could also reduce the amount of iron ions released into the solution.     

油气类工程实验室建设HSE管理体系探讨

分析了高校油气类工程实验室安全管理存在的问题,从领导层决策、风险识别和评价、管理文件、制度管理、硬件资源配置、人员管理等方面,探讨了油气类工程实验室建设HSE管理体系的有关思路.