湖南长株潭城市群灾害应急管理能力评价

以城市应急管理能力及其内涵为基础,运用层次分析法,对湖南长株潭城市群灾害应急管理能力进行综合评价.结果表明:①从时间上看,长株潭灾害应急管理能力综合评分值由2005年的5.67、3.66、3.34分别增加到2006年的5.82、4.20、3.98,说明长株潭灾害应急管理能力均有所增强,这是因为应急管理能力是随城市社会经济的发展而增强的;②从空间上看,长株潭灾害应急管理能力存在一定的区域差异;③从整体上看,长株潭的灾害应急管理能力排名为长沙市＞株洲市＞湘潭市,其主要是由城市化水平及经济实力的差异所致.     

Change of Flood Patterns in China under the Influences of Climate Change and Human Activities

Based on the flood affected area （FA） data of the provinces in China from 1950 to 2005, the article discusses the change of the flood patterns in China, and investigates its relationship with climate change and human activities. The flood center shifted from North China and the Yangtze-Huaihe basin in the 1950s towards the south, north and west of China, and located in the south of the Yangtze River and South China after the 1990s. The FA in the western provinces was continuously on the rise since the 1950s. There are two characteristics for the future flood pattem in China. The pattern of ＂flood in the south and drought in the north＂ depends on the north-south shift of the maximum rainfall region in eastern China. The flood intensification to the west of Hu Huanyong＇s line mainly results from the increase of rainfall, extreme precipitation and the melting of glaciers under the background of human activity magnification.     

造纸污泥硫化氢释放量及控制研究

研究TCuSO_4、NaClO、KMnO_4、H_2O_2处理液及其浓度对造纸污泥硫化氢释放量的影响.结果表明.随各处理液浓度增大,硫化氢释放量有不同程度的减少;各种处理液均能明显降低造纸污泥硫化氢释放量,效果从好到差依次为CuSO_4、NaClO、KMnO_4、H_2O_2;CuSO_4的除臭机制是铜离子抑制细菌生长,同时与硫化氢反应生成不溶的CuS;而NaClO、KMnO_4、H_2O_2除臭机制是抑制细菌生长和氧化硫化氢产生单质硫;干污泥硫化氢释放量比湿污泥大.     

不同水温时底泥扰动对不同形态磷分布的影响

研究了江南地区典型水温条件下,底泥扰动对上覆水中不同形态磷迁移的影响.结果表明,不同水温条件下,底泥扰动均有利于上覆水中溶解态磷(即溶解性总磷酸盐(DTP),包括溶解性正磷酸盐(DIP)和溶解性有机磷(DOP))向底泥迁移.与对照试验相比,不同水温时的扰动均导致DIP/TP和DTP/TP明显降低.与初始状态(第0天时)相比,扰动导致DIP/TP分别降低了39.61百分点(冬季水温)和17.38百分点(夏季水温),而DTP/TP则分别降低了39.16百分点(冬季水温)和19.06百分点(夏季水温).相反,对照试验中,DTP/TP分别上升了24.90百分点(冬季水温)和23.37百分点(夏季水温).这说明底泥扰动促进了溶解态磷向颗粒态磷(PP)的转化.     

卓越品质承诺安全打造安全检测防护领域的旗舰品牌

随着国家经济实力的提升和＂以人为本＂科学理念的贯彻,我国劳动者的职业安全与健康水平正在得到不断改善,这其中包含着中国个体防护装备产业同仁们的努力与奉献。与劳动者对职业安全健康不断增长的需求相比,我国个体防护装备产业的供给能力在质和量两个方面都还远远不能满足需要。为此,加速技术进步和结构升级已经成为了我国个体防护装备产业面临的严峻挑战。     

国家质量激励体系建设初探

为了在激烈的市场竞争中赢得竞争优势,很多国家和地区纷纷推出质量激励措施来激励和引导企业提高质量、提升竞争力.本文在研究国内外质量激励措施现状基础上,通过对比分析,提出了建设国家质量激励体系的建议.     

南京典型古建筑的消防现状调查和消防对策

通过对江苏南京代表性古建筑朝天宫、甘熙故居、鸡鸣寺和净觉寺的实地深入调查,从结构、材料、内容、布局和环境等方面分析了古建筑普遍存在的火灾危险性,考察了古建筑中现代消防设施建设、消防资金投入、消防管理措施和现代消防材料和技术应用的现状,发现多数古建筑在消防防护方面仍处于保守、常规、落后和消极的状态。为实现对古建筑价值的最大限度保护,应从消防安全布局、消防站建设、消防通道设计、消防给水供应、消防通讯保障、消防装备配置等方面进行性能化设计和规划;在遵循“修旧如旧”的修缮和维护原则下,需要勇于尝试和接纳纳米材料等新型化学保护材料和技术。     

Global climate change and regional sustainable development: the case of Mackenzie Basin in Canada

Cohen et al. [16] suggest that in order to explore ways to bring climate change (CC) and sustainable development (SD) research together, it is necessary to develop more heuristic tools that can involve resource users and other stakeholders. In this respect, this paper focuses on methodological development in research to study climate change impacts and regional sustainable development (RSD). It starts with an introduction of an integrated land assessment framework (ILAF) which is part of the integrated phase of the Mackenzie Basin Impact Study (MBIS) in Canada. The paper then provides some articulation on how the integrated approach was applied in the Mackenzie Basin to show implications of climate change for RSD.     

Distribution of heavy metals in agricultural soils near a petrochemical complex in Guangzhou, China

The aim of the study was to investigate influence of an industrialized environment on the accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural soils. Seventy soil samples collected from surface layers (0-20 cm) and horizons of five selected pedons in the vicinity area of petrochemical complex in Guangzhou, China were analyzed for Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg and As concentrations, the horizontal and vertical variation of these metals were studied and geographic information system (GIS)-based mapping techniques were applied to generate spatial distribution maps. The mean concentrations of these heavy metals in the topsoils did not exceed the maximum allowable concentrations in agricultural soil of China with the exception of Hg. Significant differences between land-use types showed that Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg and As concentrations in topsoils were strongly influenced by agricultural practices and soil management. Within a radius of 1,300 m there were no marked decreasing trends for these element concentrations (except for Zn) with the increase of distance from the complex boundary, which reflected little influence of petroleum air emission on soil heavy metal accumulation. Concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg and As in the five pedons, particularly in cultivated vegetable field and orchard, decreased with soil depth, indicating these elements mainly originated from anthropogenic sources. GIS mapping was a useful tool for evaluating spatial variability of heavy metals in the affected soil. The spatial distribution maps allowed the identification of hot-spot areas with high metal concentration. Effective measures should be taken to avoid or minimize heavy metal further contamination of soils and to remediate the contaminated areas in order to prevent pollutants affecting human health through agricultural products.     

基于信息熵和数据包络分析的区域土地利用结构评价

土地利用结构评价是地理学、统计学支撑的区域可持续发展研究的重要课题。旨在运用新的方法和视角评估土地利用结构的合理性。以常州市武进区土地利用结构作为研究对象,以该区的16个乡镇作为评估的单元,研究区独特的区位和土地利用结构为课题研究提供了天然的实验室。在宏观层面上,运用信息熵理论对区域土地利用结构的有序性、均衡度、优势度进行了分析,结果表明常州市武进区土地利用结构有序性具有明显的空间差异,这种差异跟各板块内部社会经济结构有密切关系;在微观层面上,采用数据包络分析方法,结合武进区社会经济等多项指标,从土地利用结构效率角度,指出武进区各乡镇土地利用结构优化调整方向。研究结果表明：基于信息熵和数据包络分析模型的研究方法可有效克服传统的基于多元统计方法的综合评价技术不足的缺点,能够更加全面地反映区域土地利用结构的差异情况。研究表明：在武进区未来发展过程中,政府应加强土地调控,必须以提高技术效率为主线,加大单位面积土地上的技术投入,优化资源投入结构。各级政府在编制土地利用总体规划时,应当将土地利用结构评估作为规划的一项内容,明确各土地资源类型的布局安排、数量指标和质量要求。另外,此评价方法对区域土地利用结构优化研究有一定的参考价值