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621.
Ai Yin Sow Ahmad Ismail Syaizwan Zahmir Zulkifli 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(12):8964-8973
The present study investigates the concentration of Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, and Cu in the paddy field soils collected from Tumpat, Kelantan. Soil samples were treated with sequential extraction to distinguish the anthropogenic and lithogenic origin of Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, and Cu. ELFE and oxidizable-organic fractions were detected as the lowest accumulation of Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, and Cu. Therefore, all the heavy metals examined were concentrated, particularly in resistant fraction, indicating that those heavy metals occurred and accumulated in an unavailable form. The utilization of agrochemical fertilizers and pesticides might not elevate the levels of heavy metals in the paddy field soils. In comparison, the enrichment factor and geoaccumulation index for Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, and Cu suggest that these heavy metals have the potential to cause environmental risk, although they present abundance in resistant fraction. Therefore, a complete study should be conducted based on the paddy cycle, which in turn could provide a clear picture of heavy metals distribution in the paddy field soils. 相似文献
622.
Tong Liu Shi-yong Yao Zhong-Yi Yin Xu-Xu Zheng Yu Shen 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(8):7132-7137
The seed of Zanthoxylum bungeanum (Z. bungeanum) is a by-product of pepper production and rich in unsaturated fatty acid, cellulose, and protein. The seed oil obtained from traditional producing process by squeezing or extracting would be bad quality and could not be used as edible oil. In this paper, a new preparation method of Z. bungeanum seed kernel oil (ZSKO) was developed by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of alkali saponification-cold squeezing, alkali saponification-solvent extraction, and alkali saponification-supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide (SFE-CO2). The results showed that the alkali saponification-cold squeezing could be the optimal preparation method of ZSKO, which contained the following steps: Z. bungeanum seed was pretreated by alkali saponification under the conditions of adding 10 %NaOH (w/w), solution temperature was 80 °C, and saponification reaction time was 45 min, and pretreated seed was separated by filtering, water washing, and overnight drying at 50 °C, then repeated squeezing was taken until no oil generated at 60 °C with 15 % moisture content, and ZSKO was attained finally using centrifuge. The produced ZSKO contained more than 90 % unsaturated fatty acids and no trans-fatty acids and be testified as a good edible oil with low-value level of acid and peroxide. It was demonstrated that the alkali saponification-cold squeezing process could be scaled up and applied to industrialized production of ZSKO. 相似文献
623.
采用向十三烷基苯磺酸钠(STBS)和非离子表面活性剂辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10)二元复配溶液中添加β-环糊精(β-CD)的方法,降低STBS和OP-10之间定量检测时的相互干扰。实验结果表明:添加β-CD时,可提高STBS的检测准确性,降低STBS对OP-10的检测干扰;在二元复配溶液中,STBS和OP-10的方法回收率分别在100.8%~102.0%,97.4%~102.2%之间,检测误差分别在2.0%和2.6%以内;Cl-,SO42-,Na+,Ca2+的存在对二元复配溶液中STBS和OP-10的检测干扰可忽略;将该方法应用于地层水水样中,仍可准确定量分析STBS和OP-10的含量。 相似文献
624.
CuO/γ-Al_2O_3类Fenton试剂降解丁基黄药 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
CuO/γ-Al2O3类Fenton试剂是降解丁基黄药的优良试剂。该试剂与传统的Fenton试剂相比,提高了反应的pH值,可在较高pH(4~5)条件下反应,而传统的Fenton试剂的适宜pH值一般在3以下。采用单因素实验和正交实验相结合的方法研究了pH、催化剂投加量、过氧化氢投加量以及反应时间对丁基黄药降解效果的影响,并对催化剂的使用寿命进行了探讨。研究结果表明,反应的最佳条件为:pH为4~5,催化剂投加量为6 g/L,过氧化氢用量为30 mg/L,反应30min。在此反应条件下,丁基黄药的降解率达98%以上;影响丁基黄药降解效果的因素大小顺序为:pH〉反应时间〉H2O2用量〉催化剂投加量,其中pH对CuO/γ-Al2O3类Fenton试剂降解丁基黄药的影响最为显著。 相似文献
625.
采用菌剂挂膜,活性污泥挂膜和自然挂膜3种不同方式形成生物滴滤塔,考察挂膜方式对生物滴滤塔去除H2s恶臭气体的影响。结果表明,当进气H2S浓度为5mg/m3时,菌剂挂膜、活性污泥挂膜、自然挂膜形成的生物滴滤塔出气H2s浓度分别为15.7~17.4、11.6~14.8和15.0~15.9μg/m3;塔内压降分别为3—4mm水柱、6mm水柱和4—5mm水柱;喷淋后滤出液中硫酸根的浓度分别为14、22和17mg/L,硫的转化率分别为45%、60%和50%。当进气H2S浓度增大至7mg/m3时,3个塔经过7d的调整后,均能达到稳定状态,稳定后3个塔中出气H2s浓度和压降基本没变,喷淋后滤出液中硫酸根浓度依次增大至25、31和30mg/L左右。采用活性污泥挂膜形成的生物滴滤塔处理H2s的能力比菌剂挂膜和自然挂膜的高。 相似文献
626.
巢湖入湖河流沉积物中有机磷的形态分级研究简 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为识别巢湖流域污染物的特征、来源及其沉积物有机磷各形态分布与富营养化的关系,测定了7条巢湖入湖河流沉积物中有机磷各形态的含量,分析不同污染类型入湖河流沉积物中有机磷各形态分布的差异及与其他因素间的相关性。研究发现,不同污染类型入湖河流沉积物中水土保持控制型河流沉积物中有机磷各组分的相对含量顺序为残渣态Po >富里酸-Po >HCl-Po >胡敏酸-Po >NaHCO3-Po,平均的相对比例为7.5:3.1:1.9:1.5:1.0,而城市污染控制型和面源污染控制型河流沉积物中有机磷各组分的相对含量顺序恰好相同,面源污染控制型河流沉积物Po各形态含量低于城市污染控制型和水土保持控制型河流。中活性Po和OM、TP、Pi、Po、TN、NaHCO3-Pi、NaOH-Pi呈正相关,非活性Po与Po、NaOH-Pi呈显著正相关关系,反映了中活性Po很容易转化为生物可利用磷和非活性Po,且非活性Po仍然具有潜在的生物活性。 相似文献
627.
Shaohong Wu Jikun Huang Yanhua Liu Jiangbo Gao Jun Yang Wentao Wang Yunhe Yin Hao Luan Wanlu Dong 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2014,(2)
Climate change strongly affected the structure and functions of natural ecosystems,e.g.the vegetation productivity decreased in the Northeast permafrost region due to the higher temperature and less precipitation,whereas in the Tibetan Plateau,the vegetation productivity increased,owing to the improved thermal resource.Climate change led to reduced precipitation in North and Northeast China and thus the reduced surface runoff.The public needs for energy were changed because of climate change,e.g.the shorter heating period in winter.Climate change profoundly influenced human health,pathophoresis and major projects by increasing extreme events,including frequency and magnitude,and causing more serious water shortage.Under the background of climate change,although the improved thermal resources can be helpful for extending the crop growth period,more extreme events may resulted in more instability in agricultural productivity.Not only did climate change indirectly affect the secondary and tertiary industries through the impacts on agriculture and natural resources,but also climate change mitigation measures,such as carbon tax,tariff and trading,had extensive and profound influences on the socioeconomic system.Further analysis indicated that the impact of climate change presented significant regional differences.The impact had its pros and cons,while the advantages outweighed the disadvantages.Based on the above analysis on the impacts of climate change,we put forward suggestions on coping with climate change.First,scientifically dealing with climate change will need to seek advantages while avoiding the disadvantages of climate change in order to achieve the orderly adaptation to climate change,which is characterized with"Overall best,long-term benefit."Second,quantitative adaptation should be given more attention,e.g.proposing operational schemes and predictable goals and using uncertainty analysis on adaptation measures.Third,more active coping strategy should be adopted to enhance China's future comprehensive competitiveness.The strategies include but are not limited to gradually adjusting the industrial structure,intensifying the research and development(RD)of emission reduction technology and actively responding to the influence of carbon tax,tariff and trading on socioeconomic development in China. 相似文献
628.
629.
对某石化企业含腈废水的处理工艺进行了评估,从污染物的来源、组成、处理效果等方面研究了污染物的转化规律,揭示了现有工艺在含腈废水处理过程中的问题。实验结果表明:该企业污水处理场的废水来源较多,丙烯腈生产废水经四效蒸发系统处理后的出水是其污染物的主要来源,含有相对较多的含氮共轭体系;与其他废水混合后,经氨化作用,有机腈转变为有机胺和铵盐;A/O工段矿化度较高,COD的去除率高达73.0%,但有机胺含量仍较高;在缺氧池—生物流化池—硝化池工段,COD进一步被去除,胺类物质浓度大幅降低,但总氮脱除效果并不理想。 相似文献
630.