湖南长株潭城市群灾害应急管理能力评价

以城市应急管理能力及其内涵为基础,运用层次分析法,对湖南长株潭城市群灾害应急管理能力进行综合评价.结果表明:①从时间上看,长株潭灾害应急管理能力综合评分值由2005年的5.67、3.66、3.34分别增加到2006年的5.82、4.20、3.98,说明长株潭灾害应急管理能力均有所增强,这是因为应急管理能力是随城市社会经济的发展而增强的;②从空间上看,长株潭灾害应急管理能力存在一定的区域差异;③从整体上看,长株潭的灾害应急管理能力排名为长沙市＞株洲市＞湘潭市,其主要是由城市化水平及经济实力的差异所致.     

评价城市基础设施自然灾害连锁效应的结构方法

介绍一种新的结构方法来评价城市基础设施自然灾害及连锁效应,通过对城市基础设施任务有效性变化的结果分析(第一步)和脆弱性分析(第二步)实现了城市基础设施自然灾害从定性到定量的精确评价,为城市基础设施防灾减灾研究提供一种方法指导和解决措施.     

2007年5～8月云南省雷电活动特点和致灾因子分析

对2007年5～8月雷电活动及其灾害成因进行了分析,结果表明:云南雷电活动频繁,但空间分布不均匀;雷电活动的时间分布基本呈一峰一谷变化,峰值出现在17～18时,谷值出现在10～11时;雷击灾害发生的可能性不但与闪电频数有关,还与闪电强度有关,闪电一般发生在回波强度≥40 dBz、组合反射率≥45 dBz、回波顶高≥12 km的具有典型强对流特征的区域;回波强度越强、顶高越高,发生雷电的可能性越大,出现的雷电灾害越严重;低槽切变、两高辐合型北方系统以及南海低压、热带辐合带型、西行台风型南方热带系统为雷电的发生发展提供了有利的环流背景以及动力、热力或者水汽条件;雷电发生在SI<0℃和θse850-θse500>6℃的强烈对流不稳定区域内.     

Change of Flood Patterns in China under the Influences of Climate Change and Human Activities

Based on the flood affected area （FA） data of the provinces in China from 1950 to 2005, the article discusses the change of the flood patterns in China, and investigates its relationship with climate change and human activities. The flood center shifted from North China and the Yangtze-Huaihe basin in the 1950s towards the south, north and west of China, and located in the south of the Yangtze River and South China after the 1990s. The FA in the western provinces was continuously on the rise since the 1950s. There are two characteristics for the future flood pattem in China. The pattern of ＂flood in the south and drought in the north＂ depends on the north-south shift of the maximum rainfall region in eastern China. The flood intensification to the west of Hu Huanyong＇s line mainly results from the increase of rainfall, extreme precipitation and the melting of glaciers under the background of human activity magnification.     

COD浓度和进水流量比对一体化工艺脱氮除碳的影响

保持进水总流量不变,以一定流量比同时从缺氧区和厌氧区进水,探讨了不同进水流量比(R=Q_厌/Q_缺)和进水COD浓度对中心岛式一体化OCO工艺脱氮除碳的影响。研究结果表明,进水COD浓度和进水流量比Rs对COD的去除效果影响不大,出水COD浓度一直稳定在50 mg/L以下,去除率在92%以上;进水COD浓度和进水流量比Rs共同决定着系统TN的去除效果,进水COD浓度为100 mg/L、200 mg/L时,TN去除率随着进水流量比Rs的减小呈增加的趋势;当进水COD浓度为 300 mg/L时,TN去除率随着进水流量比Rs的减小呈先升高后降低的趋势,在进水流量比Rs为3∶1时TN去除率最高,达到87%。     

单质硫改性介孔炭对水溶液中汞的吸附性能研究

对介孔炭CMK-3进行单质硫改性得到OMC-S,并通过静态吸附实验研究了该材料对水溶液中汞的吸附性能。研究结果表明：单质硫改性可以在介孔炭上负载12.33%的硫,从而使得介孔炭对汞的吸附容量从185 mg/g提高到476 mg/g;OMC-S具有较广的适用pH值范围,在pH 3～11.5范围内其对汞的吸附去除率均达到92%以上;氯离子对OMC-S的吸附性能具有一定的抑制作用,原因在于它能和汞离子络合形成一系列吸附性能较差的Hg-Cl络合物,而腐殖酸在所研究的范围内对OMC-S的吸附性能无明显影响。     

二安替比林卤代苯基甲烷衍生物与锰显色反应研究

合成了６个二安替比林卤代苯基甲烷衍生物,研究了它们和锰的显色反应规律,提出了该类试剂的一些新用途,显示了其良好的应用前景。     

用微宇宙法研究稀土元素在富营养化水体中的归趋

本文利用静态实验室水生微宇宙的方法研究了轻、中、重三类五种稀土混合物（La,Ce,Sm,Gd,Y）在富营养水体、底泥、浮萍、大型蚤、螺蛳和金鱼中的分布和富集。结果表明,稀土在水生微宇宙各组分中的分布和积累的趋势为轻稀土>中稀土>重稀土。稀土元素在水体中6h后基本趋于平衡,其大部分为底泥所吸附;不同生物对稀土的分布和富集存在着较大的差异,其趋势为浮萍>大型蚤>螺蛳>金鱼。     

Characteristics of ozone pollution and the sensitivity to precursors during early summer in central plain, China

In this study, we conducted an observation experiment from May 1 to June 30, 2018 in Zhengzhou, a major city in central China, where ground ozone (O₃) pollution has become serious in recent years. The concentrations of O₃ and its precursors, as well as H₂O₂ and meteorological data were obtained from the urban site (Yanchang, YC), suburban (Zhengzhou University, ZZU) and background sites (Ganglishuiku, GLSK). Result showed that the rates of O₃ concentration exceeded Chinese National Air Quality Standard Grade II (93.3 ppbv) were 59.0%, 52.5%, and 55.7% at the above three sites with good consistency, respectively, indicating that O₃ pollution is a regional problem in Zhengzhou. The daily peak O₃ appeared at 15:00–16:00, which was opposite to VOCs, NO_x, and CO and consistent with H₂O₂. The exhaustive statistical analysis of meteorological factors and chemical effects on O₃ formation at YC was advanced. The high concentration of precursors, high temperature, low relative humidity, and moderately high wind speed together with the wind direction dominated by south and southeast wind contribute to urban O₃ episodes in Zhengzhou. O₃ formation analysis showed that reactive alkenes such as isoprene and cis-2-butene contributed most to O₃ formation. The VOCs/NO_x ratio and smog production model were used to determine O₃-VOC-NO_x sensitivity. The O₃ formation in Zhengzhou during early summer was mainly under VOC-limited and transition regions alternately, which implies that the simultaneous emission reduction of alkenes and NO_x is effective in reducing O₃ pollution in Zhengzhou.     

母体暴露环境浓度盐酸四环素对F1代斑马鱼胚胎骨骼发育的影响

抗生素被广泛应用于兽药和饲料添加剂中,尤其是四环素等广谱抗生素,长期滥用于养殖业中.四环素是目前用量最大、应用范围最广泛的一种抗生素.抗生素在体内蓄积,或者以原型随粪便排入环境中,造成环境污染.实验用斑马鱼为模式动物来评价低浓度四环素对斑马鱼下一代(F1)发育的毒性影响.选取4月龄亲代斑马鱼(F0),分别给予0.1、1...