Nonionic surfactant enhanced biodegradation of m-xylene by mixed bacteria and its application in biotrickling filter

In this study, m-xylene biodegradation was examined in bacteria-water mixed solution and biotrickling filter (BTF) systems amended with the nonionic surfactant Tween 80. The mixed bacteria were obtained from the activated sludge of a coking plant through a multisubstrate acclimatization process. High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that Rhodanobacter sp. was the dominant species among the mixed bacteria. In the bacteria-water mixed solution, the bacterial density increased with increasing Tween 80 concentration. Hence, Tween 80 could be utilized as substrate by the mixed bacteria. Tween 80, with concentrations of 50–100 mg L^?1, could enhance the bioavailability of m-xylene and consequently improve the degradation efficiency of m-xylene. However, further increasing the initial concentration of Tween 80 would decrease the degradation efficiency of m-xylene. At concentrations exceeding 100 mg L^?1, Tween 80 was preferentially degraded by the mixed bacteria over m-xylene. In BTF systems, when the m-xylene inlet concentration was 1200 mg m^?3 and the empty bed residence time was 20 sec, the removal efficiency and elimination capacity of BTF1 with Tween 80 addition were at most 20% and 24% higher than those of BTF2 without Tween 80 addition. Overall, the integrated application of the mixed bacteria and surfactant was demonstrated to be a highly effective strategy for m-xylene waste gas treatment.

Implications: The integrated application of mixed bacteria and surfactant was demonstrated to be a promising approach for the highly efficient removal of m-xylene. Surfactant can activate mixed bacteria to degrade m-xylene by increasing its bioavailability. Besides, surfactant can be utilized as carbon source by the mixed bacteria so that the growth of mixed bacteria can be promoted. It is expected that the integrated application of both technologies will become more common in future chemical industry.     

大港油田区域在线监测系统建设与管理

污染源在线监测系统的应用是环境执法、科学管理的重要手段。概述了大港油田区域在线监测系统建设现状及管理现状。分析管理中发现的典型问题,提出应对措施。针对实时数据与COD实测数据偏差较大,提出通过计算显示值与数采仪数据之差,手动调节在线监测仪的输出电流,从而有效降低数据传输偏差;针对COD在线监测仪受氯离子干扰而导致数据异常现象,从三方面提出解决办法:强化对前段来液的处理水平,适当增加掩蔽剂的投入量,选择更加适合的在线监测方法。     

高分辨率数据驱动的流域非点源污染输出风险评估方法

近年来,非点源污染已成为我国部分水库水质恶化的主要原因.以潘家口水库流域为例,引入动态降水因子和地形因子改进经典的输出风险模型,结合高分辨率的卫星反演降水产品(GPM)和高分六号卫星影像,建立高分辨率数据驱动的非点源污染输出风险评估模型,开展潘家口水库流域的非点源污染输出风险时空分布特征研究.结果表明,研究区2018年非点源污染输出风险较高,其中氮元素污染输出高风险和较高风险区约占流域总面积的70.6%,磷元素污染输出无高风险区,较高风险区约占流域总面积的21.9%.分析流域非点源污染输出风险时空分布特征,发现4～9月潘家口水库流域非点源污染输出风险呈现先增后减趋势,在7月和8月最高,与流域降水时空分布一致;结合土地利用分布特征分析,流域上游以耕地为主,城市集中在流域下游,受农业生产和人类活动的影响,这些区域的非点源污染输出风险较高.针对非点源污染输出风险时空分布特征,应制定合理的农业施肥方式,规划非点源污染“源-汇”景观布局以及建设植被缓冲带.     

湿式空气氧化法治理特殊钢酸洗废液

本方法首先利用废液中的游离酸溶解特殊钢加工过程中产生的废渣,然后采用空气氧化法,在pH4—5,70—80℃,晶种存在条件下,通压缩空气进行氧化,分离废液中的铁、铬和镍、钴,并回收镍、钴.国内外资料中尚未见到此方法.     

农田土壤镉生物有效性及暴露评估研究进展

随着工业化和城市化进程的发展,我国在农田土壤污染领域面临较大挑战,其中镉(Cd)为最优先控制元素之一。农田土壤Cd污染风险类型为健康风险,其主要暴露途径为经土壤-植物系统,并经膳食进入人体。在当前的土壤Cd风险评估中,一般不考虑生物有效性问题,这使得风险评价中实际暴露评估的不确定性普遍偏高。所以,近年来欧洲国家有许多研究者提出将生物有效性因素放在土壤污染物风险评价框架内。基于此,本文立足于农田系统,并从土壤、植物、污染物及环境因素等4个方面详细综述了农田土壤Cd生物有效性的影响因素及其作用机理。其次,分别综述了近年来土壤Cd生物有效性预测模型和土壤Cd膳食暴露评估模型研究进展。最后,分析了我国土壤重金属风险评价中存在的不足,并对农田土壤Cd暴露评估发展态势和研究方向进行了初步预测,以期为农田土壤Cd健康风险评估及安全基准研究提供一定参考。     

2008年春季极端天气气候事件对地质灾害的影响

2008年1月10日～2月6日,我国南方等地先后经历了罕见的低温雨雪冰冻天气过程,冰雪融化后在部分山地丘陵区发生了滑坡、崩塌、泥石流等地质灾害。笔者讨论了冰雪融化诱发地质灾害的机理,分析了此次地质灾害的类型、规模、数量等信息。1～3月份全国共发生地质灾害3106起,其中滑坡2094起,占67％;崩塌858起,占28％;地面塌陷129起,占4％;地裂缝18起、泥石流5起、地面沉降2起。共造成32人死亡、1人失踪、30人受伤,直接经济损失达4．99亿元。指出：1）今年南方山地丘陵区受融雪影响,地质灾害较往年提前发生。2）原在暴雪或持续强降雨条件下诱发的地质灾害,现在冰雪融水或小到中雨便可能诱发。3）降雨与冰雪融水诱发地质灾害的时间和规模有明显差异。4）在全球变暖背景下和未来极端气候事件增多影响下,局部地质灾害可能会进入高发期,防灾形势严峻。     

我国城市污水工业回用的现状及存在问题的探讨

略述了近几年来我国城市污水工业回用的一些成功经验 ,提出了城市污水工业回用中存在的几个主要问题及其对策 ,展望了我国在这一领域的发展前景。     

公共场所火灾事故应急预案编辑平台的开发

本项目旨在通过开发公共场所火灾事故应急预案编辑平台与管理系统，使公共场所火灾事故应急预案的编写和管理简单化、规范化、科学化，以提高预案制定人员的工作效率。     

Spatial heterogeneity of stream environmental conditions and macroinvertebrates community in an agriculture dominated watershed and management implications for a large river (the Liao River,China) basin

Understanding the effects of watershed land uses (e.g., agriculture, urban industry) on stream ecological conditions is important for the management of large river basins. A total of 41 and 56 stream sites (from first to fourth order) that were under a gradient of watershed land uses were monitored in 2009 and 2010, respectively, in the Liao River Basin, Northeast China. The monitoring results showed that a total of 192 taxa belonging to four phyla, seven classes, 21 orders and 91 families were identified. The composition of macroinvertebrate community in the Liao River Basin was dominated by aquatic insect taxa (Ephemeroptera and Diptera), Oligochaeta and Molluscs. The functional feeding group GC (Gatherer/Collector) was dominant in the whole basin. Statistical results showed that sites with less watershed impacts (lower order sites) were characterized by higher current velocity and habitat score, more sensitive taxa (e.g., Ephemeroptera), and the substrate was dominated by high percentage of cobble and pebble. The sites with more impacts from agriculture and urban industry (higher order sites) were characterized by higher biochemical (BOD₅) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), more tolerant taxa (e.g., Chironominae), and the substrate was dominated by silt and sand. Agriculture and urban-industry activities have reduced habitat condition, increased organic pollutants, reduced macroinvertebrate abundance, diversity, and sensitive taxa in streams of the lower Liao River Basin. Restoration of degraded habitat condition and control of watershed organic pollutants could be potential management priorities for the Basin.