常熟市农业可持续发展对策

本文根据联合国粮农组织（FAO）提出的3大目标,以及关于本世纪末实现小康目标的要求,阐述了常熟市农业可持续发展的对策,以及克服制约当地农业可持续发展的主导因素而采取的措施和取得的成效．     

Deriving freshwater quality criteria for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol for protection of aquatic life in China

Freshwater quality criteria of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) were developed with particular reference to the aquatic biota in China, and based on USEPA's guidelines. Acute toxicity tests were performed on nine different domestic species indigenous to China to determine 48 h LC(50) and 96 h LC(50) values for 2,4,6-TCP. In addition, 21 d survival-reproduction test with Daphnia magna, 30 d embryo-larval test with Carassius auratus, 60 d fry-juvenile test with Ctenopharyngodon idellus, 30 d early life stage test with Bufo bufo gargarizans and 96 h growth inhibition test with Scenedesmus obliqaus were also conducted to estimate lower chronic limit and upper chronic limit values. The final acute value (FAV) was 2.01 mg/l 2,4,6-TCP. Acute-to-chronic ratios ranged from 5.01 to 12.2. The final chronic value (FCV) and the final plant value (FPV) of 2,4,6-TCP were 0.226 and 2.24 mg/l respectively. Based on FAV, FCV and FPV for 2,4,6-TCP, a criteria maximum concentration of 1.01 mg/l and a criterion continuous concentration of 0.226 mg/l were derived. The results of this study provide useful data for deriving national or local water quality criteria for 2,4,6-TCP based on aquatic biota in China.     

含莠去津和乙草胺河水灌溉对苗期水稻危害的研究

本文以１９８８、１９９２和１９９３年洋河流域张家口市部分水稻田污染受害事故为背景，通过事故现场调查资料分析、洋河水质监测、宣化区污染源调查、水稻的药害暴露实验和模型计算，研究了含有除草剂莠去津和乙草胺的河水灌溉对苗期水稻的危害。结果显示，河水中莠去津和乙草胺对水稻苗期的安全灌溉浓度分别为０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌ和０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ；河水中莠去津对水稻的致死浓度是０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ；ｐＨ、ＮＨ３－Ｎ和表面活性剂对这种危害作用具有一定的协同效应；为了满足河水对水稻的灌溉水质要求，污染源允许排放的莠去津和乙草胺分别为１．０ｋｇ／ｄ和２．０ｋｇ／ｄ。     

应用热分析法研究多环芳烃的催化深度氧化

应用热分析技术对多环芳烃化合物催化氧化反应过程中催化剂初活性进行评价。比较了两种样品前处理方法,测定结果基本一致。分别测定了六种不同组分的过渡金属氧化物催化剂的初活性。考察了多环芳烃结构对其催化氧化难易的关系。实验结果表明,热分析可作为评价高沸点有机化合物深度氧化催化活性的可靠方法,且简便易行。     

震后灾难心理及其救援对策研究

从心理学和行为学的角度审视了地震灾害带给灾区民众的悲伤、恐惧、忧愁、心慌、愤恨、犯罪等心理行为反应特征,认为必须加强地震灾害后的心理救援工作,对灾民的灾难心理进行干预和调控,在此基础上研究并提出了地震灾害心理救援的基本对策,以期灾难发生后能快速实施心理救援和救助,减少灾民的心理痛苦,尽快恢复社会秩序.     

一株产微生物絮凝剂菌株的筛选及特性

从活性污泥及土壤中筛选出一株产絮凝剂的霉菌－黑曲霉，该菌所产絮凝剂对高岭土的絮凝活性可达90％以上，黑曲霉的培养实验表明，其适宜生长的碳源为葡萄糖或蔗糖，氮源为豆芽汁或马铃薯汁；适宜的初始pH值为6.0；生长与分泌絮凝剂的合适温度范围为30－34℃；受培养温度的影响，絮凝效果最好的时间在50－60h。絮凝实验表明，用培养液处理高岭土悬浊液时有明显的絮凝效果，当废水pH左右时，絮凝效果最好。     

城市交通与环境规划

从交通建设、交通工具以及交通管理等多方面论述了城市交通与环境规划的关系，提出了从环境规划的角度，发展城市交通 所应该考虑的几个问题，最后针对这些问题提出了一些建议。     

铂、钯蜂窝催化剂高温老化对甲醇深度氧化的影响

本研究对铂、钯蜂窝催化剂及分别添加助化剂CeO_2或WO_3,并于500℃、700℃、900℃或1100℃下经受热老化4h后,考察催化剂比表面、晶相结构及其对甲醇深度氧化活性、产物分布及反应动力学网络变化的情况。实验证明,添加CeO_2后,降低了铂催化剂的耐高温性能,但对钯催化剂无明显影响。添加WO_3,降低了钯催化剂对甲醇的氧化活性。经X-线衍射分析证明,在1100℃高温下,WO_3与堇青石载体中的氧化镁和氧化钙发生强相互作用,生成了相应的钨酸盐。甲醇氧化反应动力学研究表明,甲醇在新鲜和高温热老化的铂催化剂上,反应动力学网络表示式是有区别的。     

催化光度法测定地下水中超痕量锰

本文基于氨三乙酸为活化剂,Mn(Ⅱ)对KIO_4氧化次甲基氯的催化效应,建立了一个测定超痕量Mn(Ⅱ)的新方法.本法的检出限为1×10~(-10)g/ml,测定范围为0～40ng/25ml,用于地下水中痕量Mn(Ⅱ)的测定,结果令人满意.     

Performance of pond–wetland complexes as a preliminary processor of drinking water sources

Shijiuyang Constructed Wetland(110 hm~2) is a drinking water source treatment wetland with primary structural units of ponds and plant-bed/ditch systems. The wetland can process about 250,000 tonnes of source water in the Xincheng River every day and supplies raw water for Shijiuyang Drinking Water Plant. Daily data for 28 months indicated that the major water quality indexes of source water had been improved by one grade. The percentage increase for dissolved oxygen and the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen, iron and manganese were 73.63%, 38.86%, 35.64%, and 22.14% respectively. The treatment performance weight of ponds and plant-bed/ditch systems was roughly equal but they treated different pollutants preferentially. Most water quality indexes had better treatment efficacy with increasing temperature and inlet concentrations. These results revealed that the pond–wetland complexes exhibited strong buffering capacity for source water quality improvement. The treatment cost of Shijiuyang Drinking Water Plant was reduced by about 30.3%. Regional rainfall significantly determined the external river water levels and adversely deteriorated the inlet water quality, thus suggesting that the "hidden" diffuse pollution in the multitudinous stream branches as well as their catchments should be the controlling emphases for river source water protection in the future. The combination of pond and plant-bed/ditch systems provides a successful paradigm for drinking water source pretreatment. Three other drinking water source treatment wetlands with ponds and plant-bed/ditch systems are in operation or construction in the stream networks of the Yangtze River Delta and more people will be benefited.