褐煤地下气化过程汞析出规律的研究

在褐煤地下气化模型试验的基础上 ,研究了褐煤中汞的赋存形态 ,褐煤地下气化煤气中汞含量的变化及存在形态 ,以及气化工艺的影响 ;分析了地下气化过程中汞的析出及反应机理 .实验结果表明 ,汞在试验褐煤中主要以硫化物结合态和残渣态形式存在 ;褐煤地下气化煤气中汞含量随气化时间的变化而变化 ,且主要以Hg0 (g)的形态存在 ;水蒸汽的存在会降低Hg0 (g)被其它气体氧化为Hg2 (g)的趋势 ;与地面气化及燃煤过程不同 ,煤地下气化产物中 ,气态汞占总汞比例低于 2 0 % ,明显低于地面气化及燃煤     

滇池水体和沉积物中营养盐的分布特征

在滇池外海不同方位选取6个采样点,研究了水质现状,沉积物Eh,pH,总氮,总磷以及间隙水重金属的剖面分布特征。结果表明,滇池水体仍属富营养化状态。在氧化表层下,Eh随沉积深度的增加迅速降低,沉积物深层为还原状态。pH在沉积物剖面变化不大,为7 0～8 5。滇池沉积物含有丰富的营养物质,总氮和总磷最高质量分数分别为8 67和3 46g kg。剖面分布表明,沉积物表层总氮和总磷含量远高于底层,在表层0～10cm含量随深度增加而迅速降低。重金属元素在水-土界面的浓度梯度为沉积物向水体的扩散提供了条件。不同采样点相比,位于昆明市附近的S6点沉积物内负荷较大。在外源减少的情况下,沉积物内负荷可能在一定时间内成为控制滇池水质的主导因子。      

基于位置误差概率模型的物流无人机安全间隔评估方法研究

针对未来多架物流无人机飞行在同一航线可能引起的安全冲突问题,提出规划无人机之间的安全间隔以规避运行风险.根据无人机在地面控制系统监控下的飞行特点,结合位置误差概率模型,综合考虑无人机定位误差、速度误差以及侧风的影响,依次建立无人机之间纵向、侧向和垂直方向的碰撞风险评估模型,并得出ICAO安全目标水平下的最小安全间隔.选...     

China’s sponge cities alleviate urban flooding and water shortage: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - About one tenth of humans are impacted by water shortages around the globe. Water resilience is worsening under climate change because intensifying weather...     

Low-temperature caproate production,microbial diversity,and metabolic pathway in xylose anaerobic fermentation

● Converting xylose to caproate under a low temperature of 20 °C by MCF was verified. ● Final concentration of caproate from xylose in a batch reactor reached 1.6 g/L. ● Changing the substrate to ethanol did not notably increase the caproate production. ● Four genera, including Bifidobacterium , were revealed as caproate producers. ● The FAB pathway and incomplete RBO pathway were revealed via metagenomic analysis. Mixed culture fermentation (MCF) is challenged by the unqualified activity of enriched bacteria and unwanted methane dissolution under low temperatures. In this work, caproate production from xylose was investigated by MCF at a low temperature (20 °C). The results showed that a 9 d long hydraulic retention time (HRT) in a continuously stirred tank reactor was necessary for caproate production (~0.3 g/L, equal to 0.6 g COD/L) from xylose (10 g/L). The caproate concentration in the batch mode was further increased to 1.6 g/L. However, changing the substrate to ethanol did not promote caproate production, resulting in ~1.0 g/L after 45 d of operation. Four genera, Bifidobacterium, Caproiciproducens, Actinomyces, and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_12, were identified as the enriched caproate-producing bacteria. The enzymes in the fatty acid biosynthesis (FAB) pathway for caproate production were identified via metagenomic analysis. The enzymes for the conversion of (C_n+2)-2,3-Dehydroxyacyl-CoA to (C_n+2)-Acyl-CoA (i.e., EC 1.3.1.8 and EC 1.3.1.38) in the reverse β-oxidation (RBO) pathway were not identified. These results could extend the understanding of low-temperature caproate production.     

The role of lipids in fermentative propionate production from the co-fermentation of lipid and food waste

● Lipid can promote PA production on a target from food waste. ● PA productivity reached 6.23 g/(L∙d) from co-fermentation of lipid and food waste. ● Lipid promoted the hydrolysis and utilization of protein in food waste. ● Prevotella , Veillonella and norank _f _Propioni bacteriaceae were enriched. ● Main pathway of PA production was the succinate pathway. Food waste (FW) is a promising renewable low-cost biomass substrate for enhancing the economic feasibility of fermentative propionate production. Although lipids, a common component of food waste, can be used as a carbon source to enhance the production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) during co-fermentation, few studies have evaluated the potential for directional propionate production from the co-fermentation of lipids and FW. In this study, co-fermentation experiments were conducted using different combinations of lipids and FW for VFA production. The contributions of lipids and FW to propionate production, hydrolysis of substrates, and microbial composition during co-fermentation were evaluated. The results revealed that lipids shifted the fermentation type of FW from butyric to propionic acid fermentation. Based on the estimated propionate production kinetic parameters, the maximum propionate productivity increased significantly with an increase in lipid content, reaching 6.23 g propionate/(L∙d) at a lipid content of 50%. Propionate-producing bacteria Prevotella, Veillonella, and norank_f_Propionibacteriaceae were enriched in the presence of lipids, and the succinate pathway was identified as a prominent fermentation route for propionate production. Moreover, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional annotation revealed that the expression of functional genes associated with amino acid metabolism was enhanced by the presence of lipids. Collectively, these findings will contribute to gaining a better understanding of targeted propionate production from FW.     

植物生长调节剂在土壤中的环境行为综述

为保障粮食生产安全,植物生长调节剂在全球农业生产中发挥的作用越来越重要,近10年全球销售额的平均增长率高达14％以上.一直以来,大多数植物生长调节剂一直都被认为是低毒或者微毒农药,而近期研究发现很多植物生长调节剂及其在环境中的降解中间产物对人体或生物安全都存在直接或潜在威胁.作为植物生长调节剂进入食物链的关键环节,植物...     

基于区域环境空气质量和碳排放数据的减污降碳协同效果评估

化石燃料燃烧产生的温室气体与大气污染物具有同根同源性,但具体治理中减污降碳的协同效果尚不明确。以浙江省11个设区市为研究样本,对环境空气质量和二氧化碳(CO₂)排放数据进行分析研究,结果显示：2016—2020年浙江省环境空气质量持续改善,但CO₂排放总量仍处于增长阶段。11个设区城市PM_2.5年均浓度降幅在26%～41%之间,二氧化氮(NO₂)年均浓度下降趋势不明显,大部分城市呈现碳排放增加、NO₂浓度下降的特征,只有杭州和温州两市呈现碳排放总量和NO₂、PM_2.5浓度协同下降的趋势。因子相关性分析结果表明,各设区市呈现NO₂浓度与碳排放相关性较大、协同性强,PM_2.5浓度与碳排放相关性较小的特点。进一步通过减污降碳协同定量评价分析表明,浙江地区在环境空气质量改善和温室气体减排已表现出一定成效,但各设区市因产业结构、环境基础条件、协同程度等不同导致减污降碳综合绩效有明显差异。从源头减排实现...     

分子光谱技术在水体微塑料监测中的应用

水域、陆地和空气中的微塑料污染不仅对人们赖以生存的生态系统有潜在危害,而且对人类的身体健康存在持续性危害。针对这些污染问题开展研究的首要任务之一就是需要鉴定微塑料的成分,从而明确可能产生污染的源头以及引起污染的途径。分子光谱技术是鉴别微塑料最常用的分析方法之一,尤其是红外光谱法和拉曼光谱法。建立了基于分子光谱技术的水体微塑料检测方法,可实现对水体中1～5 000μm尺寸范围内的微塑料的自动化测试。其中,尺寸大于10μm的微塑料颗粒物可以通过显微红外光谱仪进行检测,尺寸大于1μm的微塑料颗粒物可以通过显微拉曼光谱仪进行检测。该方法操作简单、检测速度快、结果呈现直观,可作为微塑料检测的有力工具。     

基于RS和GIS的生态环境状况时空变化研究--以河南省为例

生态环境状况评价是资源合理利用、制定社会经济发展规划及生态环境保护对策的重要依据。现以河南省行政区为研究区域,基于遥感影像、水资源及环境统计数据,采用生态环境状况指数(EI)和空间格局分析方法,综合对比分析河南省2014—2018年生态环境状况时空变化及其冷热点空间分布。研究结果表明:(1)2014—2018年河南省EI值变化范围为60.6~63.5,生态环境状况整体呈现稳中趋好态势,除开封市和济源市外,16个省辖市的EI值均有所增加,位于西部山区丘陵地带的三门峡、洛阳和平顶山市EI值增加明显。(2)2014—2018年河南省生态环境的G*i指数的高值区域位于西部地区的三门峡市和洛阳市,且5年内没有发生变化,较为稳定。G*i指数的高、低值区域与EI值的高值和低值区表现出较高的一致性。