The short-chain perfluorinated compounds PFBS, PFHxS, PFBA and PFHxA, disrupt human mesenchymal stem cell self-renewal and adipogenic differentiation

Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) are commonly used in industrial processes and daily life products. Because they are persistent, they accumulate in the environment, wildlife and humans. Although many studies have focused on two of the most representative PFASs, PFOS and PFOA, the potential toxicity of short-chain PFASs has not yet been given sufficient attention. We used a battery of assays to evaluate the toxicity of several four-carbon and six-carbon perfluorinated sulfonates and carboxyl acids (PFBS, PFHxS, PFBA and PFHxA), with a human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) system. Our results demonstrate significant cyto- and potential developmental toxicity for all the compounds analyzed, with shared but also distinct mechanisms of toxicity. Moreover, the effects of PFBS and PFHxS were stronger than those of PFBA and PFHxA, but occurred at higher doses compared to PFOS or PFOA.     

催化光度法测定地下水中超痕量锰

本文基于氨三乙酸为活化剂,Mn(Ⅱ)对KIO_4氧化次甲基氯的催化效应,建立了一个测定超痕量Mn(Ⅱ)的新方法.本法的检出限为1×10~(-10)g/ml,测定范围为0～40ng/25ml,用于地下水中痕量Mn(Ⅱ)的测定,结果令人满意.     

管道内甲烷/空气预混火焰加速传播特性研究

搭建了基于可视化燃烧管道的预混火焰精细结构实验台,通过理论分析和实验等手段对预混火焰的瞬态传播过程及加速传播特性进行了研究,分析得出了不同甲烷含量的预混火焰加速传播规律及预混火焰由层流向湍流的转变规律.     

B类滤毒罐防护磷化氢性能评价探讨

磷化氢是粮食仓储企业使用效果最好的杀虫剂,是一种剧毒的气体熏蒸剂。所以对于从业人员来讲,安全防护就显得格外重要。长期以来粮食仓储企业一直使用自吸过滤式防毒面具(配套选用B类滤毒罐)为首选器材。近期业内对B类滤毒罐防护磷化氢的有效性提出质疑,为此,本文通过性能评价试验,说明B类滤毒罐防护磷化氢是有效的,并从理论上说明B类滤毒罐防护磷化氢是有科学依据的。     

海洋石油平台导管架阴极保护监测数据分析与讨论

目的研究海洋石油平台腐蚀现状,确保导管架处于阴极保护状态。方法对近3年导管架阴极保护监测系统所采集的数据进行讨论,根据不同位置的电位电流传感器所获得的数据进行各个观测点位的腐蚀状态对比分析。结果通过对数据研究表明,该系统电位电流传感器所采集的数据翔实可靠,所收集到的导管架节点电极电位均在保护范围内。就现阶段而言,导管架牺牲阳极输出电流基本趋于稳定。结论该平台阴极保护监测设备运行良好,所测点位均处于阴极保护状态,且基本达到完全极化,对该海域新建平台防腐设计具有重要的参考价值。     

Seasonal differences in sources and formation processes of PM2.5 nitrate in an urban environment of North China

Nitrate (NO₃⁻) has been the dominant ion of secondary inorganic aerosols (SIAs) in PM_2.5 in North China. Tracking the formation mechanisms and sources of particulate nitrate are vital to mitigate air pollution. In this study, PM_2.5 samples in winter (January 2020) and in summer (June 2020) were collected in Jiaozuo, China, and water-soluble ions and (δ¹⁵N, δ¹⁸O)-NO₃⁻ were analyzed. The results showed that the increase of NO₃⁻ concentrations was the most remarkable with increasing PM_2.5 pollution level. δ¹⁸O-NO₃⁻ values for winter samples (82.7‰ to 103.9‰) were close to calculated δ¹⁸O-HNO₃ (103‰ ± 0.8‰) values by N₂O₅ pathway, while δ¹⁸O-NO₃⁻ values (67.8‰ to 85.7‰) for summer samples were close to calculated δ¹⁸O-HNO₃ values (61‰ ± 0.8‰) by OH oxidation pathway, suggesting that PM_2.5 nitrate is largely from N₂O₅ pathway in winter, while is largely from OH pathway in summer. Averaged fractional contributions of P_N2O5+H2O were 70% and 39% in winter and summer sampling periods, respectively, those of P_OH were 30% and 61%, respectively. Higher δ¹⁵N-NO₃⁻ values for winter samples (3.0‰ to 14.4‰) than those for summer samples (-3.7‰ to 8.6‰) might be due to more contributions from coal combustion in winter. Coal combustion (31% ± 9%, 25% ± 9% in winter and summer, respectively) and biomass burning (30% ± 12%, 36% ± 12% in winter and summer, respectively) were the main sources using Bayesian mixing model. These results provided clear evidence of particulate nitrate formation and sources under different PM_2.5 levels, and aided in reducing atmospheric nitrate in urban environments.     

Recent advances and perspectives towards emission inventories of mobile sources: Compilation approaches, data acquisition methods, and case studies

In recent years, great efforts have been devoted to reducing emissions from mobile sources with the dramatic growth of motor vehicle and nonroad mobile source populations. Compilation of a mobile source emission inventory is conducive to the analysis of pollution emission characteristics and the formulation of emission reduction policies. This study summarizes the latest compilation approaches and data acquisition methods for mobile source emission inventories. For motor vehicles, a high-resolution emission inventory can be developed based on a bottom-up approach with a refined traffic flow model and real-world speed-coupled emission factors. The top-down approach has advantages when dealing with macroscale vehicle emission estimation without substantial traffic flow infrastructure. For nonroad mobile sources, nonroad machinery, inland river ships, locomotives, and civil aviation aircraft, a top-down approach based on fuel consumption or power is adopted. For ocean-going ships, a bottom-up approach based on automatic identification system (AIS) data is adopted. Three typical cases are studied, including emission reduction potential, a cost-benefit model, and marine shipping emission control. Outlooks and suggestions are given on future research directions for emission inventories for mobile sources: building localized emission models and factor databases, improving the dynamic updating capability of emission inventories, establishing a database of emission factors of unconventional pollutants and greenhouse gas from mobile sources, and establishing an urban high temporal-spatial resolution volatile organic compound (VOC) evaporation emission inventory.     

Microbial response to repeated treatments of manure containing sulfadiazine and chlortetracycline in soil

Substantive addition of antibiotic-contaminated manure to agricultural soil may lead to “persistent” residues of antibiotics and may affect soil health. Therefore, this study examines the effects of repeated manure treatments containing sulfadiazine (SDZ) and chlortetracycline (CTC) residues, both individually and combined, on the functional diversity and structure of soil microbial communities in the soils under laboratory conditions. The average well color development (AWCD), Simpson diversity index (1/D, dominant populations), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′, richness), and McIntosh diversity index (U, evenness) in the antibiotics-treated soils decreased in the first 60-day treatment and then gradually recovered or even exceeded the initial level in the unamended soils with increasing treatment frequency. A total of 11 specific bands in temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) profiles were observed and sequence analyzed for five repeated treatments, and most of them belonged to the phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. These results indicate that repeated treatments of manure containing SDZ and CTC residues can alter soil microbial community structure, although they have a temporary suppression effect on soil microbial functional diversity.     

HCO-3碱度对铜绿微囊藻生长与光合活性的影响

研究了23 mM (ALK23)和124 mM (ALK124) HCO-3对铜绿微囊藻(〖WTBX〗Microcystis aeruginosa〖WTBZ〗 FACHB 927)生长与光合特性的影响。实验结果表明,ALK23显著抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长,至培养结束,与对照相比对生物量的抑制率为38%,ALK124条件下虽然至培养结束生物量没有显著变化,但碱度增加铜绿微囊藻生物量有一个快速的增殖期,之后其生长速率持续下降。碱度增加强烈抑制光合色素Chla的合成,ALK23和ALK124条件下对Chla含量抑制率分别为74％和56％。藻胆蛋白与叶绿素a的比值（PBP/Chla）在碱度增加的条件下有显著升高。HCO-3碱度增加,铜绿微囊藻的光合活性先降低之后逐渐恢复,至处理结束表现出低碱度（ALK23）促进光合活性,高碱度（ALK124）对光合活性影响不显著。说明HCO-3碱度增加对铜绿微囊藻有一定伤害作用,与高碱度（ALK124）相比,低碱度（ALK23）对细胞的伤害程度更大,随着细胞的增殖,碱度对细胞的伤害作用逐渐恢复,且低碱度下细胞恢复更快。暗示碱度可以作为水华控制的手段之一.