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921.
本文通过腐蚀失重试验、腐蚀产物分析和交流阻抗谱研究了Q345R在不用的微量的两种小分子有机酸(甲酸和乙酸)中的常温25℃和液相高温85℃中腐蚀行为.根据试验结果可知,随着浓度的逐渐升高,Q345R在两种小分子有机酸腐蚀速率均有所升高,腐蚀产物逐渐增厚,腐蚀形貌未发生明显变化.根据电化学试验结果,在25℃环境温度下,小分子有机酸对Q345R的腐蚀剧烈程度随时间明显降低,并且表面吸附作用明显减弱.在85℃环境温度下,小分子有机酸对Q345R的腐蚀剧烈程度随时间变化不大,反应行为也未发生明显的变化.这说明在较高的温度下,随着反应激活能提高,扩散条件并非控制腐蚀反应的最主要因素,腐蚀行为也与较低环境温度下产生显著的区别.  相似文献   
922.
嗜热栖热菌降解氟喹诺酮类抗生素   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
氟喹诺酮类抗生素在各种环境基质中积累造成的生态和耐药基因污染等问题已引起广泛的关注。为了能够有效去除环境中氟喹诺酮类抗生素污染并且探究其生物代谢途径,利用嗜热菌Thermus sp. C419在高温(70℃)条件下降解2种典型的氟喹诺酮类抗生素(诺氟沙星和恩诺沙星),分析了菌株C419对这2种药物在单一和混合添加时的降解特性;通过UPLC-MS/MS检测了其相关的降解产物,并推测了可能的代谢途径;利用平板扩散法对生物降解后的氟喹诺酮类药物进行抑菌活性测定。结果表明:氟喹诺酮类化合物可被菌株C419有效降解,降解率为60%~80%;该生物降解过程符合一级动力学模型,培养基中氟喹诺酮类化合物浓度越高,降解率越高,降解半衰期越短;菌株C419对诺氟沙星的生物降解有3条可能的降解途径和7种降解产物,对恩诺沙星的生物降解有4条可能的降解途径和6种降解产物。此外,与2种药物的母体化合物相比,生物降解后药物对不同细菌的抗菌活性均有一定程度的降低,这说明嗜热菌株C419在热环境中去除氟喹诺酮类污染物方面可能会具有良好的实用性和应用前景。  相似文献   
923.
924.
随着环境空气质量精细化管理要求的提高,在应对重污染天气过程中,对大气污染源排放清单的时间分辨率提出了更高的要求。文章从固定源、移动源、油气储运源等方面探讨了大气污染源动态排放清单编制技术方法,并选取某城市进行了应用计算。结果表明,通过获取动态更新的数据,移动源的船舶、机动车、飞机可以逐时分析污染物排放量变化;固定源和油气储运源可以逐日分析。同时与相关指南算法进行定量比较,探讨了精细化改进方法及可能存在的问题,为建立更精细化动态排放清单提供有益参考。  相似文献   
925.
上海港船舶大气污染物排放对城市空气质量的影响不容小觑。基于船舶AIS数据,高精度船舶大气污染物排放清单得以建立并应用。2018年11月5—10日召开的第一届中国国际进口博览会期间,在气象条件不利的情况下,通过提前实施船舶排放控制区政策等措施,使船舶单日SOx排放量下降28.5%,一次PM2.5排放量下降25.5%,全市空气质量达到了保障要求。  相似文献   
926.
通过实验室和固定污染源废气现场比对测试,对便携式氢火焰离子化检测器法(催化氧化法和气相色谱法)测定非甲烷总烃的检出限、转化效率、精密度和准确度等性能指标开展研究。实验室测试结果表明,便携式氢火焰离子化检测器法测定非甲烷总烃的检出下限(0.3 mg/m^3)、转化效率(98.2%)、精密度(3.49%)、准确度(-2.38%)基本满足方法技术指标的要求,但是对于催化氧化法还需重点关注其转化效率。固定污染源废气现场比对测试结果表明,便携式氢火焰离子化检测器法与实验室方法测试结果的相对准确度(33.2%)、相对误差(-9.27%~23.7%)基本能满足测试方法的测试要求,趋势性也保持一致,适用于现场测试。  相似文献   
927.
Li  Ming  Xue  Yonglai  Liu  Zhenjiang  Guo  Jin  Liu  Liyun  Zhang  Yuanyuan  Gao  Lu  Wang  Lizhao  Cui  Yin  Du  Daolin 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(15):14703-14712

Arabidopsis thaliana was selected as model organisms to investigate the toxic effect and mechanism of four kinds of imidazolium and pyridinium ionic liquids (ILs) on plant seedling taproots. After exposure to ILs, the growth of seedling taproots was significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. The toxicity of ILs on seedling taproots was [Bmim][BF4] > [Bmpy][BF4] > [Bmim][Br] > [Bmpy][Br]. The reduction of seedling root cell vitality, aggravation of seedling root cell death, and repression of gravitropic growth responses were observed. The amounts of H2O2 and ROS in seedlings were enhanced with increasing concentrations of ILs. Moreover, the expression levels of cdc2a and pcna1 genes were decreased after exposure to ILs. Our results suggest that ILs can induce the overproduction of ROS in A. thaliana seedling taproots and thus cause oxidative damage to seedling taproots. Meanwhile, ILs alter the expression patterns of two cell cycle-related genes and hence cause the seedling taproot growth inhibition. This work provides an integrated understanding of the toxic effect and mechanism of ILs on A. thaliana seedlings at the molecular and physiological level and also provides theoretical basis and reference for the environmental safety evaluation of ILs, prior to their widespread use and release.

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928.
This study evaluated the effects of two surfactants (i.e., Tween 80 and SDS) on biodegradation of crude oil by mixed bacterial consortium in soil-aqueous system. The mixed bacterial consortium was domesticated from the activated sludge of cooking plant through a progressive domestication process. High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that Rhodanobacter sp. was the dominant bacteria. The higher CMCeff value for two surfactants was observed in soil-aqueous system compared with that in aqueous system, which was likely due to their adsorption onto soil particles. Either Tween 80 or SDS can be utilized as carbon source and promote the growth of mixed bacterial consortium. Further findings evidenced that the degradation of crude oil can be enhanced by adding either Tween 80 or SDS. The performance of Tween 80 was generally superior to SDS for the crude oil degradation. The highest crude oil degradation efficiency was 42.2 and 31.0% under the conditions of 5 CMCeff of Tween 80 and 2 CMCeff of SDS, respectively. Furthermore, the degradation efficiency of crude oil in remediation experiment (i.e., 77%) evidenced that the integration of adding Tween 80 and inoculating mixed bacterial consortium was effective for crude oil-contaminated soil decontamination.  相似文献   
929.

The immobilization agent was the key factor that determined the success of remediation of heavy metal polluted soil. In this study, mercapto-grafted palygorskite (MP) as a novel and efficient immobilization agent was utilized for the remediation of Cd-polluted paddy soil in pot trials, and the remediation mechanisms were investigated in the aspect of soil chemistry and plant physiology with different rice cultivars as model plants. Mercapto-grafted palygorskite at applied doses of 0.1–0.3% could reduce Cd contents of brown rice and straws of different cultivars significantly. Both reduced DTPA-extractable Cd contents in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil and decreasing Cd contents in iron plaques on rice root surfaces confirmed that MP was an efficient immobilization agent for Cd pollutant in paddy soil. In the aspect of soil chemistry, the pH values of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils had no statistical changes in the MP treatment groups, but their zeta potentials decreased obviously, indicating that MP could enhance the fixation or sorption of Cd on soil compositions. In the aspect of antioxidant system, MP could increase POD activity of rice roots significantly to alleviate the stress of Cd to roots, and resulted in the decrease of T-AOC, SOD, and CAT activities of rice roots of the selected cultivars. MP had no inhabitation or enhancement effects on TSH of rice roots but enhance the contents of MTs and NPT to binding Cd to complete detoxification process. MP as a novel and efficient immobilization agent could complete the remediation effects through soil chemistry and plant physiological mechanisms.

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930.
Media depth (MD) and moisture content (MC) are two important factors that greatly influence biofilter performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the combined effect of MC and MD on removing ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and nitrous oxide (N2O) from swine barns. Biofiltration performance of different MDs and MCs in combination based on a mixed medium of wood chips and compost was monitored. A 3 × 3 factorial design was adopted, which included three levels of the two factors (MC: 45%, 55%, and 67% [wet basis]; MD: 0.17, 0.33, and 0.50 m). Results indicated that high MC and MD could improve NH3 removal efficiency, but increase outlet N2O concentration. When MC was 67%, the average NH3 removal efficiency of three MDs (0.17, 0.33, and, 0.50 m) ranged from 77.4% to 78.7%; the range of average H2S removal efficiency dropped from 68.1–90.0% (1–34 days of the test period) to 36.8–63.7% (35–58 days of the test period); and the average outlet N2O concentration increased by 25.5–60.1%. When MC was 55%, the average removal efficiency of NH3, H2S, and N2O for treatment with 0.33 m MD was 72.8 ± 5.9%, 70.9 ± 13.3%, and –18.9 ± 8.1%, respectively; and the average removal efficiency of NH3, H2S, and N2O for treatment with 0.50 m MD was 77.7 ± 4.2%, 65.8 ± 13.7%, and –24.5 ±12.1%, respectively. When MC was 45%, the highest average NH3 reduction efficiency among three MDs was 60.7% for 0.5 m MD, and the average N2O removal efficiency for three MDs ranged from –18.8% to –12.7%. In addition, the pressure drop of 0.33 m MD was significantly lower than that of 0.50 m MD (p < 0.05). To obtain high mitigation of NH3 and H2S and avoid elevated emission of N2O and large pressure drop, 0.33 m MD at 55% MC is recommended.

Implications: The performances of biofilters with three different media depths (0.17, 0.33, and 0.50 m) and three different media moisture contents (45%, 55%, and 67% [wet basis]) were compared to remove gases from a swine barn. Using wood chips and compost mixture as the biofilters media, the combination of 0.33 m media depth and 55% media moisture content is recommended to obtain good reduction of NH3 and H2S, and to simultaneously prevent elevated emission of N2O and large pressure drop across the media.  相似文献   

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