煤中易挥发有毒痕量元素及其在燃烧过程中的行为

本文综述了煤中易挥发有毒痕量元素汞、砷、硒在煤中的赋存形式 ,在燃烧过程中的蒸发和化学反应等行为 ,指出了在目前研究燃煤过程中有毒痕量元素所存在的问题和需要努力加强的研究方向     

Genetic amniocentesis in biamniotic twin pregnancies by a single transabdominal insertion of the needle

We present a technique to aspirate amniotic fluid from both sacs in biamniotic twin pregnancies using a single abdominal insertion with a spinal needle. It was successful in 48 out of 55 cases of biamniotic twin pregnancies referred to our perinatal unit between 1985 and 1994. The single insertion technique was used when the inter-amniotic membrane was clearly evident and two separate free amniotic fluid pools could be reached by the operator with a single puncture. An adequate amount of amniotic fluid was sampled from both sacs to make a cytogenetic diagnosis in all cases. There were four fetuses with trisomy 21 in three twin pregnancies. In two cases, only one twin was affected whilst the co-twin was normal, so that a selective feticide was performed. No miscarriages due to genetic amniocentesis were reported. After 1990, all genetic amniocenteses in biamniotic twin pregnancies (except for one case due to late booking) were performed between 14 and 15 weeks of gestation and with all cases except one, it was possible to sample both twins by a single puncture. We suggest that early amniocentesis (14–15 weeks) by a single abdominal puncture could be a reliable and safe alternative to first-trimester chorionic villus sampling in twin pregnancies.     

热带海洋环境中BHC和DDT的行为特征研究Ⅰ.中国珠江口区旱季BHC和DDT的含量与分布

本文于1994年11月用气相色谱法研究了旱季珠江口区环境中BHC和DDT的含量与分布。结果表明，表层海水BHC含量为0.187μg/L，DDT为0.080μｇ/L；底层海水BHC为0.117μｇ／L，DDT为0.506μｇ／L。沉积物BHC为11.15×10－9（干），DDT为33.46×10－9（干）。海水中的盐度、DO、C     

Erythroid-specific antibodies enhance detection of fetal nucleated erythrocytes in maternal blood

Fetal nucleated erythrocytes (NRBC) in maternal blood are a non-invasive source of fetal DNA for prenatal genetic screening. We compared the effectiveness of three monoclonal antibodies for the separation of fetal cells from maternal blood by flow sorting. Mononuclear blood cells from 49 healthy pregnant women were incubated with antibody to CD 71, CD 36, and/or glycophorin A (GPA), employed singly or in combination with each other. These monoclonal antibodies recognize surface antigens on haematopoietic precursor cells. Successful isolation of fetal cells was defined as detection of Y chromosomal sequences in maternal blood from women carrying male fetuses, with absence of Y sequences when female fetuses were carried. Thus, gender prediction accuracy was used as a measure of fetal cell separation. Using anti-CD 71 to isolate fetal cells, gender prediction was 57 per cent correct; with anti-CD 36, it was 88 per cent correct. Anti-GPA, an erythrocyte-specific antigen, used alone or in combination with anti-CD 71 or 36, improved gender prediction to 100 per cent. We conclude that antibody to GPA improves the retrieval of fetal NRBC from maternal blood, permitting genetic analysis by the polymerase chain reaction.     

陆地生态系统的恢复--模拟全球变化所引起的酸性输入减少和海盐输入增加的影响

到2010年<哥德堡议定书>正式实施时,欧洲自20世纪70年代末以来已减少的酸化硫和氮释放量将进一步减少.这里我们论述了通过使用应用于3个大型"清洁雨"实验(即分别在挪威里斯达尔谢伊阿[Risdalsheia],瑞典耶德松[Gardsjon]以及丹麦克洛斯特海泽[Klosterhede]的所谓"屋顶实验")的酸化模型MAGIC讨论恢复酸化陆地生态系统的结果.<哥德堡议定书>的实施将启动通过重建盐基饱和恢复上述3处土壤的进程.恢复率较低,在今后30年中,盐基饱和增加不足5%.气候引发的风暴严重性的加剧将增加海盐输入生态系统的量.这将为土壤提供额外的碱阳离子,并使恢复速度翻一番,同时还将随着沉积的碱阳离子与存储在土壤中的酸性交换导致高海盐输入之后的强酸性脉动.因此,酸化集水区土壤和径流的进一步恢复将取决于酸沉积下降的数量和速率,在近岸系统的情况下,还取决于海盐输入事件的频率和强度.     

我国电子商务环境研究

概述了电子商务的定义、特征及其目前的发展情况,着重对我国的电子商务环境进行了分析,简要提出了发展我国电子商务的模式与策略。     

高职电子技术课程改革探讨

本文首先分析了高等职业教育电子技术课程的传统教学方式和弊端，随后探讨了电子技术教学的改革途径：包括高职教材内容的修订和更新，通过多媒体技术与EDA技术改善电子技术的课堂教学；精选验证性实验及强化EDA技术在实验和设计环节中的比例等多方面措施。     

Amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein levels and prenatal diagnosis of autosomal trisomies

Pregnancies with fetal trisomy 21 have been associated with low amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein levels (AFAFP). This observation led to the suggestion that low AFAFP levels be used as a criterion for completion of a chromosomal analysis in patients who are not otherwise at increased risk for a fetal chromosome abnormality and in whom karyotyping might not have been completed for economic reasons. In order to assess the usefulness of such criteria, we reviewed the AFAFP levels of 90 cases of fetal trisomy 21, 23 cases of trisomy 18, and 10 cases of trisomy 13. These were compared with 2400 control samples with normal chromosome constitution. AFAFP levels were generally lower in pregnancies with trisomy 21, showing a median value of 0·72 MoM. However, 40 per cent of the trisomy 21 samples had AFAFP values greater than 0·8 MoM and 20 per cent were over 1·0 MoM. These data imply that over 50 per cent of Down syndrome cases might have been missed using a cut-off level of 0·70 MoM for completion of chromosome analysis. Using a higher cut-off level will leave only a small percentage of samples unkaryotyped. The distribution of AFP levels in trisomy 13 and 18 is no different from controls; we therefore believe that fetal karyotyping should be completed in every amniotic fluid sample obtained.