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831.
Andreas Klumpp Wolfgang Ansel Gabriele Klumpp Vicent Calatayud Jean Pierre Garrec Shang He Josep Peuelas ngela Ribas Helge Ro-Poulsen Stine Rasmussen María Jos Sanz Phillippe Vergne 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2006,40(40):7963-7974
In the frame of a European research project on air quality in urban agglomerations, data on ozone concentrations from 23 automated urban and suburban monitoring stations in 11 cities from seven countries were analysed and evaluated. Daily and summer mean and maximum concentrations were computed based on hourly mean values, and cumulative ozone exposure indices (Accumulated exposure Over a Threshold of 40 ppb (AOT40), AOT20) were calculated. The diurnal profiles showed a characteristic pattern in most city centres, with minimum values in the early morning hours, a strong rise during the morning, peak concentrations in the afternoon, and a decline during the night. The widest amplitudes between minimum and maximum values were found in central and southern European cities such as Düsseldorf, Verona, Klagenfurt, Lyon or Barcelona. In the northern European cities of Edinburgh and Copenhagen, by contrast, maximum values were lower and diurnal variation was much smaller. Based on ozone concentrations as well as on cumulative exposure indices, a clear north–south gradient in ozone pollution, with increasing levels from northern and northwestern sites to central and southern European sites, was observed. Only the Spanish cities did not fit this pattern; there, ozone levels were again lower than in central European cities, probably due to the direct influence of strong car traffic emissions. In general, ozone concentrations and cumulative exposure were significantly higher at suburban sites than at urban and traffic-exposed sites. When applying the newly established European Union (EU) Directive on ozone pollution in ambient air, it was demonstrated that the target value for the protection of human health was regularly surpassed at urban as well as suburban sites, particularly in cities in Austria, France, northern Italy and southern Germany. European target values and long-term objectives for the protection of vegetation expressed as AOT40 were also exceeded at many monitoring sites. 相似文献
832.
煤气发生站洗冷废水治理研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了以活性炭作为吸附剂处理煤气发生站废水工艺,并摸索出一整套的工艺参数。实验结果表明,采用活性炭吸附工艺使出水水质得到明显改观,硫化物、氰化物和挥发酚的去除效率均达90%以上,对CODcr、氨氮的去除也收到了明显的效果。 相似文献
833.
Determination of polycyclic musks in sewage sludge from Guangdong, China using GC-EI-MS 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Polycyclic musks [Cashmeran (DPMI), Celestolide (ADBI), Phantolide (AHMI), Traseolide (ATII), Tonalide (AHTN) and Galaxolide (HHCB)] were Soxhlet extracted, separated and analyzed in sewage sludge from six different wastewater treatment plants from Guangdong, China, using GC and GC-EI-MS. DPMI, ADBI, HHCB, AHTN were found in all samples, and ATII was not found in any sample. AHMI was detected in five out of six samples. HHCB and AHTN were the two major polycyclic musks found in highest concentrations in sludge. The sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants contained HHCB, AHTN and DPMI at concentrations between 5.416 and 21.214, 0.715 and 6.195 and 0.599 and 2.870 mg/kg (dry), respectively. The highest concentration was found in sludge from one cosmetic plant at 703.681 mg HHCB/kg (dry). The results indicate that there are two sources of polycyclic musks: domestic sewage and industrial wastewater. 相似文献
834.
苏北地区农业环境问题及管理方案的探讨 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
配合江苏省“碧海计划”和盐城市海洋经济绿色农业的发展,探讨了现阶段农业环境污染控制的直接政策管理、经济手段和人工生态工程处理三种方案,其中政策管理,如减少化肥农药的施用规定能减少污染,直接经济投入少,但是执行管理成本高,且政策见效慢;经济手段能减少污染,但环境目标达标不确定,且需要完善的市场环境,目前来说,本地区市场机制不完善,会出现“市场失灵”现象;人工湿地生态工程,前期投入大,但管理成本低,环境目标确定,但不能快速削减污染负荷。三种方案各有所长,在实际操作中,应针对不同区域的农业产业状况、方案时间迟度组合使用。 相似文献
835.
836.
生物强化系统微生物分子诊断技术的应用及新发展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
现代分子生物技术的飞速发展及其在环境研究领域的应用,为生物强化技术的研究和发展提供了新方法和新思路。本文从生物强化系统特异微生物检测及定量化技术、生物强化系统微生物群落结构组成及动态演替规律研究、生物强化作用机制的分子生物学解析、生物强化菌的基因工程构建、生物强化系统微生物的安全释放及控制技术几方面,对生物强化系统微生物分子诊断技术的应用和发展作了较为全面的综述。 相似文献
837.
838.
染色体的畸变分析是一种简便易行,经济的遗传毒理学方法,可用来探讨诱变物对生物遗传系统的影响。目前人们多利用鼠类、赤麂及人的培养细胞来进行染色体畸变分析,其它材料很少见,蜚蠊(俗称蟑螂)是一种重要的卫生昆虫,也是一种较好的遗传学研究材料,其分布广泛,与人的日常生活环境密切相关,能否利用它作为一种污染的监测因子呢?我们利用褐斑大蠊(Periplaneta brunnea,Burmeister 1838)进行了初步尝试。 相似文献
839.
840.
The effects of cadmium stress on nodulation, N2-fixation capabilities of the root nodule, the change in ultrastructure of the root nodule, soybean growth, and the distribution of cadmium in plants were studied. The results obtained show that the nodulation of soybean roots was greatly inhibited by the addition of Cd, especially at the addition level of 10 and 20 mg kg(-1) soil. The inhibition of plant growth, especially the root growth, increased as the cadmium concentration increased, with deleterious effects observed for the roots. The weight ratio of soybean root/leaf decreased as the Cd concentration increased, which might explain the reason for nodulation decreases. The results also indicate that N2-fixation of root nodule was stimulated to some extent at the low levels of Cd addition, but decreased sharply with further increase of the Cd concentration. High Cd levels were also associated with changes in the ultrastructure of root nodule, in which the effective N2-fixing area was reduced and the N2-fixing cells in the area also reduced. In addition, the results also reveal that the content of Cd in different parts of the plants was as follows: roots > stems > seeds, indicating that the accumulation of Cd by roots is much larger than that by any other part of the soybean plant, and might cause deleterious effects to root systems. 相似文献