水位波动带氮素迁移转化规律

为考察水位波动对非饱和-饱和土层中氮素迁移转化的影响,设计土柱实验装置Ⅰ和Ⅱ分别模拟水位稳定与波动两种情景,测定一个水位波动周期内地下水中NO₃^--N、NO₂^--N和NH₄⁺-N浓度变化情况。结果表明,柱Ⅱ水位第1次下降柱内1^#,2^#,3^#,4^#采样点NO₃^--N浓度均增大,增幅分别为6.5%、14.9%、15.33%和19.8%。水位上升时结果相反,分别降低17.3%、26.15%、50.29%和44.61%。第2次水位下降至初始位置4个采样点NO₃^--N浓度再次增大,幅度分别为7.1%、10.6%、13.89%和7.76%。铵态氮呈相反趋势不同程度的变化。水位波动柱Ⅱ连通水槽内总氮量增加显著高于柱I水槽,即水位波动有利于波动带地下水中氮素垂向迁移,加重波动带以下地下水硝酸盐污染。因此,水位波动对氮素迁移转化的影响不容忽视。     

UASB-SBR-絮凝工艺处理地沟油制生物柴油废水

采用UASB-SBR-絮凝工艺处理地沟油制生物柴油废水,考察了各个阶段的废水处理效果。实验结果表明：UASB稳定运行阶段进水COD约为15000mg/L时,COD去除率约为87%,出水COD在2500mg/L以下,出水挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）浓度为4~6mmol/L,最佳容积负荷为15.0kg/（m3·d）;采用SBR处理UASB出水,当容积负荷为1.5kg/（m3·d）时,出水COD在200mg/L以下,COD去除率在83%以上,ρ（NH₃-N）在5mg/L以下,TP约为25mg/L。向SBR出水中加入质量分数为5%的聚合氯化铝进行化学除磷,加入量为5mL/L,处理后废水TP为4~6mg/L。处理后废水的COD,ρ（NH₃-N）,TP均达到CJ343-2010《污水排入城市下水道水质标准》的A类要求。     

絮凝#x02014;微波辐射#x02014;Fenton试剂氧化法深度处理焦化废水

用絮凝#x02014;微波辐射#x02014;Fenton试剂氧化法深度处理焦化废水,研究了微波辐射时间、微波功率、FeSO₄加入量、H₂O₂加入量和废水pH对废水处理效果的影响。实验结果表明：在聚合氯化铝加入量为350mg/L、聚丙烯酰胺加入量为12mg/L、废水pH=5、FeSO₄加入量为250mg/L、H₂O₂总加入量为1400mg/L、H₂O₂分3次投加、微波功率为400W、微波辐射时间为60min的条件下,处理后出水的浊度、色度和COD去除率分别为98.59%,97.62%,86.21%。处理后出水澄清透明,COD为50.34mg/L,满足GB50050#x02014;2007《工业循环冷却水处理设计规范》的要求。     

Biodegradation of beta-cypermethrin by a novel Azoarcus indigens strain HZ5

A novel strain HZ5 was isolated from the activated sludge of a pesticide manufacturer in Hangzhou, which was capable of degrading beta-cypermethrin (beta-CP). Based on its physiological characteristics and analysis of 16S rDNA gene, strain HZ5 was identified as Azoarcus indigens, which was a new genus that can degrade beta-CP effectively. Strain HZ5 could degrade beta-CP over a wide range of temperature (20 to 40°C) and pH (5.5 to 9.0), and the optimal temperature and pH were 30°C and 7.0. The highest degradation rate was approximately 70% of 50 mg/L beta-CP within 144 h at pH 7.0 and 30°C in MSM. An additional carbon source could enhance the biodegradation of beta-CP. Studies on biodegradation of the beta-CP showed no significant enantioselectivity. During the process, two main intermediate metabolites were produced by strain HZ5 and determined as 3-phenoxybenzaldehyde and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The results indicated that strain HZ5 may have potential application in bioremediation of beta-CP polluted environment.     

Cadmium tolerance in six poplar species

Selection of poplar species with greater Cd tolerance and exploiting the physiological mechanisms involved in Cd tolerance are crucial for application of these species to phyto-remediation. The aim of this study is to investigate variation in Cd tolerance among the six poplar species and its underlying physiological mechanisms. Cuttings of six Populus species were cultivated for 10 weeks before exposure to either 0 or 200 μM CdSO₄ for 20 days. Gas exchange in mature leaves was determined by a portable photosynthesis system. Cd concentrations in tissues were analyzed by a flame atomic absorbance spectrometry. Subsequently, Cd amount per plant, bio-concentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (T _f) were calculated. Nonenzymatic compounds and activities of antioxidative enzymes in tissues were analyzed spectrophotometrically. Cd exposure caused decline in photosynthesis in four poplar species including Populus cathayana (zhonghua 1). Among the six species, P. cathayana (zhonghua 1) displayed the highest Cd concentrations in tissues, the largest Cd amount in aerial parts, the highest BCF in aerial parts and T _f under Cd exposure. Under Cd stress, increases in total soluble sugars in roots but decreases in starch in roots, wood, and leaves of P. cathayana (zhonghua 1) were found. Induced O ₂ ^?? and H₂O₂ production in roots and leaves, and increases in free proline, soluble phenolics, and activities of antioxidative enzymes were observed in P. cathayana (zhonghua 1). Based on results of this pot experiment, it is concluded that P. cathayana (zhonghua 1) is superior to other five species for Cd phyto-remediation, and its well-coordinated physiological changes under Cd exposure confer the great Cd tolerance of this species.     

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in surface sediments from principal watersheds of Shanghai, China: levels, distribution, influencing factors, and risk assessment

Fourteen and 17 sediment samples were collected from three main rivers of Shanghai in July and November, respectively. Eight polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners (BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153, BDE-154, BDE-183, and BDE-209) were detected in these samples to clarify the pollution status in the metropolis. Instrumental analyses showed that the concentrations of ∑₈PBDEs ranged from 10.97 to 64.05 ng/g dry weight (dw), with an average value of 29.71 ng/g dw. BDE-209 was the predominant congener accounting for more than 97 % of total PBDEs, followed by BDE-47 and BDE-99. Remarkable spatial and seasonal distributions of PBDE concentrations were observed, suggesting that local sources, seasonal climates, and hydrologic conditions might be the influencing factors. Moderate correlations (r ²?=?0.28–0.51, p?<?0.05) were found between total organic carbon and PBDEs, which indicated that organic carbon content influenced the distributions of PBDEs in sediment of Shanghai at some extent. Hazard quotients revealed PBDEs posed no potential risk to benthic organisms in the study area at present.     

H(+)/phenanthrene symporter and aquaglyceroporin are implicated in phenanthrene uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous organic pollutants that are toxic to human and nonhuman organisms. Dietary intake of PAHs is a dominant route of exposure for the general population because food crops are a major source of dietary PAHs. The mechanism for crop root uptake of PAHs remains unclear. Here we reveal that wheat root uptake of PAHs involves active and passive processes. The passive uptake is mercury and glycerol dependent. Mercury and glycerol inhibit uptake, indicating that aquaglyceroporins sensitive to mercury contribute to passive uptake. Active uptake is mediated by a phenanthrene/H symporter. The electrical response of wheat roots triggered by phenanthrene consists of two sequential phases: depolarization followed by repolarization. The depolarization is phenanthrene concentration dependent, with saturation kinetics that have an apparent of K(m) 10.8 μmol L(-1). As uptake proceeds, external solution pH increase is noticed. Lower pH favors the uptake. Vanadate and 2,4-dinitrophenol suppress the electrical response to phenanthrene and phenanthrene uptake, suggesting that plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase is involved in the establishment of an electrochemical proton gradient acting as a driving force for active uptake. Therefore, it is suggested that aquaglyceroporin and phenanthrene/H symporter are implicated in phenanthrene uptake. Our results provide insight into PAH uptake mechanism in wheat roots that is relevant to strategies for reducing PAH accumulation in wheat for food safety, improving phytoremediation of PAH-contaminated soils or water by agronomic practices and genetic modification to target remedial plants for higher PAH uptake capacity.     

2种新分离微藻的生长、氮磷去除和营养特性的比较研究

为了解2种新分离微藻的净化和资源化潜力,研究比较了其生长、氮磷去除和营养特性。结果表明,栅藻和月牙藻的最大生物量（干重）分别为0．78g／L和0．53g／L;最大生物量（干重）增长速率分别为0．05g／（L·d）和0．03g／（L·d）。培养至第23天,栅藻和月牙藻对TN的去除率分别为85．1％和72．5％;对TP的去除率为82．6％和79．7％,但栅藻较月牙藻更易释放较多的No2--N进入藻液。稳定期时,栅藻、月牙藻的粗蛋白质含量和粗蛋白产量（干重）分别为31．8％、19．2％和0．24g／L、0．09g／L;粗脂含量和粗脂产量（干重）分别为7．81％、9．26％和0．06g／L、0．05g／L。综上,与月牙藻相比,栅藻具有明显的生长、氮磷去除和营养优势,在进行水产养殖废水的净化和资源化利用上可作为优选藻种。     

秦皇岛港建设绿色企业文化探析

建设绿色企业文化是秦皇岛港实现绿色发展的前提,对港口的发展有深远的意义和重要作用.秦皇岛港应从强化领导意识、提高职工素质、完善绿色制度体系、构建绿色企业形象等方面入手建设港口绿色企业文化.     

Solid waste characterization and recycling potential for a university campus

Integrated waste management systems are one of the greatest challenges for sustainable development. For these systems to be successful, the first step is to carry out waste characterization studies. In this paper are reported the results of a waste characterization study performed in the Campus Mexicali I of the Autonomous University of Baja California (UABC). The aim of this study was to set the basis for implementation of a recovery, reduction and recycling waste management program at the campus. It was found that the campus Mexicali I produces 1ton of solid wastes per day; more than 65% of these wastes are recyclable or potentially recyclable. These results showed that a program for segregation and recycling is feasible on a University Campus. The study also showed that the local market for recyclable waste, under present conditions - number of recycling companies and amounts of recyclables accepted - can absorb all of these wastes. Some alternatives for the potentially recyclables wastes are discussed. Finally some strategies that could be used to reduce waste at the source are discussed as well.