灾害间接经济损失的计量

本文研究了三种灾害间接经济损失的计量，即间接停减产损失、中间投入积压增加损失和投资溢价损失。利用了城市投入──产出表所表达的产业关联关系估计了由于生产的联锁性造成灾害的进一步损失。并用上海市的实际数据对地震的间接经济损失作了预测计量。     

十溴联苯醚在土壤中吸附行为的研究

初步研究了十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)在土壤上的吸附行为,并探讨了影响吸附行为的环境因素:pH值、温度.结果表明,pH对BDE-209的吸附影响不显著;温度越高,吸附量越大.土壤对BDE-209的吸附经历了2个平衡:0～32 h达到第1次平衡;32～72 h达到第2次吸附平衡;吸附平衡时间为48 h.土壤对BDE-20...     

Study on dissolved organic carbon in precipitation in Northern China

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was measured in 483 precipitation samples collected at 10 sites in Northern China from December 2007 to November 2008. The annual volume-weighted mean (VWM) concentrations and wet deposition fluxes of DOC for 10 sites ranged from 2.4 to 3.9 mg C/L and 1.4 to 2.7 g C m^?2 yr^?1, respectively. The proportion of DOC to total organic carbon (TOC) was 79% on average, suggesting that a significant fraction of TOC was present as insoluble particulate organic carbon. Due to intensive domestic coal use for house heating and smaller dilution of scavenged organic carbon, higher VWM concentrations of DOC were observed during winter and spring than during summer and autumn. When precipitation events were classified via air mass back-trajectories, the mixed trajectories from SE and NW always corresponded to significantly higher DOC than those from SE or NW alone, coinciding with the centre of a low pressure system moved eastward and the wind direction changed from southeast to northwest. The results also showed that each site had a similar seasonal variation for DOC wet deposition flux. The largest flux occurred during the rainy season, and the lowest flux appeared during winter months. The product of the TC/DOC ratio and the DOC flux yielded an average TC wet deposition flux of 3.2 g C m^?2 yr^?1 in Northern China, accounting for 8.6% and 22% of the carbon sink magnitude (37 g C m^?2 yr^?1) in terrestrial ecosystems and anthropogenic carbon emissions (14 g C m^?2 yr^?1), respectively. This indicates that atmospheric wet deposition of TC is a significant carbon flux that cannot be neglected in regional models of the carbon cycle, and should be considered along with dry deposition in the removal mechanism for carbon from regional atmosphere.     

Evolution of boundary layer ozone in Shijiazhuang, a suburban site on the North China Plain

The structure of the boundary layer affects the evolution of ozone(O_3), and research into this structure will provide important insights for understanding photochemical pollution.In this study, we conducted a one-month observation(from June 15 to July 14, 2016) of the boundary layer meteorological factors as well as O_3 and its precursors in Luancheng County,Shijiazhuang(37°53′N, 114°38′E). Our research showed that photochemical pollution in Shijiazhuang is serious, and the mean hourly maximum and mean 8-hr maximum O_3 concentrations are 97.9 ± 26.1 and 84.4 ± 22.4 ppbV, respectively. Meteorological factors play a significant role in the formation of O_3. High temperatures and southeasterly winds lead to elevated O_3 values, and at moderate relative humidity(40%–50%) and medium boundary layer heights(1200–1500 m), O_3 production sensitivity occurred in the transitional region between volatile organic compounds(VOC) and nitrogen oxides(NO_x) limitations,and the O_3 concentration was the highest. The vertical profiles of O_3 were also measured by a tethered balloon. The results showed that a large amount of O_3 was stored in the residual layer, and the concentration was positively correlated with the O_3 concentration measured the previous day. During the daytime of the following day, the contribution of O_3 stored in the residual layer to the boundary layer reached 27% ± 7% on average.     

大辽河水系表层沉积物中Cd的迁移动力学及生物有效性

为了研究大辽河水系表层沉积物中Cd的迁移特征及生物有效性,在大辽河水系采集了8个表层沉积物样品.测定了沉积物的理化性质、Cd的总含量和可交换态含量,利用DGT方法和离心方法测定了沉积物孔隙水中Cd的浓度.在试验的基础上采用DIFS模型计算了沉积物中Cd从固相到液相释放的动力学参数Tc和解吸速率常数k-1.结果表明,表层沉积物中Cd的总含量为0.16～4.86mg·kg-1,高于中国土壤和辽宁省土壤背景值.离心法测定的孔隙水中Cd的浓度为0.28～3.88ng·mL-1,而DGT测定的浓度为0.08～0.72ng·mL-1.DGT测定的浓度CDGT比离心方法测定的孔隙水浓度低,体现了平衡分配方法和动力学方法在预测生物有效性方面的差异.DIFS模拟结果表明,沉积物中Cd的响应时间Tc和解吸速率常数k-1跨度非常大,分别为10.16～9.999×106s和0.01×106～558.16×106s-1,体现了沉积物中Cd在固/液相之间反应的动力学差异,此外,吸附态和液相之间的平衡分配系数Kd也是影响沉积物中Cd从固相到液相的再补给能力和生物有效性的重要因素.     

基于变异系数-综合指数法的乌鲁木齐城市脆弱性评价

从生态环境、经济和社会脆弱性三个方面,筛选新疆乌鲁木齐城市2006—2015年近十年的34个具体评价指标建立了城市脆弱性评价指标体系,通过对指标数据进行标准化处理后,以变异系数法确定各指标的权重,并运用综合指数法对乌鲁木齐城市脆弱性进行了综合评价。结果表明:伴随着经济的快速发展,乌鲁木齐城市综合脆弱性逐渐降低,但长时间处于中等偏高状态;虽然经济、社会和生态环境的综合脆弱性指数都呈下降趋势,但生态环境与经济和社会发展不协调,以牺牲环境为代价从而获得经济发展的粗放型经济发展模式仍然存在。据此有针对性地提出了有利于乌鲁木齐城市未来发展的经济、社会与生态环境相协调的经济增长模式。     

A review on the influencing factors of pavement surface temperature

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Pavement surface temperature is of great significance to pavement performance and pavement design, as well as the development of cool pavements. The...     

攀钢外排废水质量分析

对攀钢11个废水外排口8种主要污染物5年的监测结果进行统计,分析了攀钢外排废水的污染特征及其随排放口、年度、季节的变化规律,对其污染状况作了初步评价,对污染物质的环境影响进行简单预测并提出了相应的控制措施。     

Significant contribution of spring northwest transport to volatile organic compounds in Beijing

High values of ozone (O₃) occur frequently in the dry spring season; thus, understanding the evolution characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in spring is of great significance for preventing O₃ pollution. In this study, a total of 101 VOCs from April 16 to May 21, 2019, were quantified using an online gas chromatography mass spectrometer/flame ionization detector (GCMS/FID). The results indicated that the observed concentration of total VOCs (TVOCs) was 30.4 ± 17.0 ppbv, and it was dominated by alkanes (44.3%), followed by oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) (17.4%), halocarbons (12.7%), aromatics (9.5%), alkenes (8.2%), acetylene (5.3%) and carbon disulfide (2.5%). The average mixing ratio of VOCs showed obvious diurnal variation (high at night, low during daytime). We conducted a source apportionment study based on 32 major VOCs using positive matrix factorization (PMF), and coal + biomass burning (25.2%), diesel exhaust (16.0%), gasoline exhaust + evaporation (17.4%), secondary + long-lived species (16.7%), biogenic sources (4.3%), industrial emissions (9.3%) and solvent use (11.2%) were identified as major sources of VOCs. In addition to local emissions, most of the atmospheric VOCs were derived from long-distance air masses (65.7%), and the average mixing ratio of VOCs in the northwest direction was 29.4 ppbv. Combined with the results of the potential source contribution function (PSCF) indicate that research should focus on the local emissions of combustion, transportation sources and solvents usage to control atmospheric VOCs. Additionally, transmission of the northwest air mass is an important component that cannot be ignored during spring in Beijing.     

环境污染物干扰鱼类体色的研究及其生态毒理学意义

鱼类体色对环境污染物十分敏感,使其成为污染监测中理想的生物指示物,具有广阔的应用前景.鱼类体色调控复杂,涉及的基因丰富.本文综述污染物对鱼类体色的干扰作用及可能的干扰机制,为鱼类体色应用于污染监测相关生物标志物筛选及生态风险评估提供参考资料;同时,从鱼类色素合成和代谢、色素细胞发育和迁移、体色变化的调控等方面,综述鱼类...