城市生态环境与可持续发展评价指标体系研究

本文从探讨城市生态环境与可持续发展的战略关系入手,在进行调查研究的基础上,提出了城市生态环境与可持续发展评价指标体系,旨在为城市的全面、协调、可持续发展提供一点科学管理依据。     

环境因素对文物的影响及文物考古环境保护问题探讨

文章在分析大气、水、辐射、地下水等环境因素对文物的影响和文物考古对环境影响的基础上,从田野考古的环境保护措施、文物及遗址的保护与生态环境的改善、加强污染防治,保证环境质量、环保部门与文物部门合作等方面提出文物考古及保护的环境保护措施建议。     

Influence of SO2 in incineration flue gas on the sequestration of CO2 by municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash

The influence of CO2 content and presence of SO2 on the sequestration of CO2 by municipal solid waste incinerator(MSWI) fly ash was studied by investigating the carbonation reaction of MSWI fly ash with different combinations of simulated flue gas.The reaction between fly ash and 100% CO2 was relatively fast;the uptake of CO2 reached 87g CO2/kg ash,and the sequestered CO2 could be entirely released at high temperatures.When CO2 content was reduced to 12%,the reaction rate decreased;the uptake fell to 41g CO2/kg ash,and 70.7% of the sequestered CO2 could be released.With 12% CO2 in the presence of SO2,the reaction rate significantly decreased;the uptake was just 17g CO2/kg ash,and only 52.9% of the sequestered CO2 could be released.SO2 in the simulated gas restricted the ability of fly ash to sequester CO2 because it blocked the pores of the ash.     

AFS断续流动氢化物原子荧光光度计测定饮用水中汞

介绍断续流动氢化物原子荧光光度计测定饮用水中汞的方法,研究了酸度,硼氢化钾浓度,灯电流,载气流速等对测定汞的影响.在优化的分析条件下,检测限为0.02ug/L,方法应用于水样中汞的测定,样品加标回收率在96.2％-102％之间,相对标准偏差为2.3％.方法具有操作简便,快速,灵敏度高等优点.     

新形势下高速公路环评中的公众参与

公众参与作为环境影响评价的重要内容,不仅可以提高项目环保措施的有效性和合理性,同时也是环境保护行政主管部门对项目科学决策的重要依据.自从2006年原国家环保总局发布《环境影响评价公众参与暂行办法》,规范了环评中的公众参与工作以来,今年环境保护部又相继出台相关政策,要求进一步做好信息公开和征求公众意见等工作,切实保障公众对环境保护的参与权、知情权和监督权.本文结合沿海地区某高速公路项目环评中公众参与的具体做法,从公众参与的程序、内容及代表性等方面分别介绍了新形势下如何在高速公路环评中深入、有效的开展公众参与工作,并从公众意见调查时间、公参形式选取、公众意见统计和反馈等角度提出了建议,为高速公路等线性工程环境影响评价开展公众参与提供参考.     

基于多层线性模型的铝合金大气腐蚀规律研究

目的 针对不同地区铝合金大气腐蚀差异性和样本数据利用不充分的问题,构建精度更高的铝合金大气腐蚀模型,研究铝合金在不同环境中的大气腐蚀规律。方法 基于多层线性模型,构建具备层次结构的腐蚀率模型。以某型号铝合金腐蚀数据为研究对象,逐步建立零模型、随机系数回归模型、完整模型探究大气腐蚀规律,并进行预测评估。结果 通过交叉验证进行模型评估,多层线性模型(MSE=0.001 3)优于幂函数回归(MSE=0.005 5),远优于线性回归(MSE=0.031 6),模型预测精度提升。多层线性模型能有效分解总方差,增强了模型的可解释性。结论 多层线性模型有效结合铝合金腐蚀数据区域差异性特征,能表征大气腐蚀规律,具有一定的实用价值。     

P对小麦Cd和As吸收与转运的影响

为了探究磷（P）对小麦幼苗镉（Cd）和砷（As）吸收转运生理机制的影响,通过水培试验,以百农207为供试材料,研究了Cd和As胁迫条件下,外源供P和缺P处理对小麦幼苗生长、根系形态、光合参数、抗氧化系统、离子含量和根茎转移系数的影响.结果表明,与缺P处理相比,外源P供应显著增加As胁迫下小麦幼苗叶绿素的含量,促进根系的生长发育,提高了生物量,而对Cd胁迫下小麦幼苗的生长影响不显著.外源P供应时显著增加了Cd胁迫条件下根系的P和Cd含量,降低了地上部的P和Cd含量;同时显著提高了As胁迫条件下地上部的P和As含量以及As向地上部的转移系数.因此,供P与否对小麦幼苗Cd和As毒害的影响表现出明显的差异性;As胁迫时,外源供P提高了As向地上部的转运能力以及根系的CAT活性,降低了As对小麦的毒害,从而促进了小麦幼苗生物量的累积;而在Cd胁迫条件下,P与Cd之间表现出一定的协同效应,外源供P在一定程度上加重了Cd对小麦的毒害效应.     

新时期沿黄省会城市商业空间结构及其空间服务能力

在“黄河战略”和推动供给侧结构性改革的双重背景下,考察沿黄城市商业空间格局对推动黄河流域城市经济高质量发展意义重大。以沿黄省会城市为例,通过核密度估计、标准差椭圆方法分析其商业空间结构,进而通过叠加分析方法探讨等级商业空间服务能力。结果表明：（1）市区人均社会消费品零售总额自黄河上游到下游总体呈现递增趋势,济南是典型的积极消费型城市;（2）沿黄省会城市商业空间格局呈现出串珠型、单核心型、基础网络型、成熟网络型;（3）城市商业空间结构越成熟,空间服务能力越强,济南市等级商业空间服务能力显著,郑州市最差。研究结果能够为新时期黄河流域高质量发展与国土空间规划提供科学参考。     

Effects of vermiculite on the growth process of submerged macrophyte Vallisneria spiralis and sediment microecological environment

Ecological restoration is one of the hot technologies for the reconstruction of eutrophic lake ecosystems in which the restoration and propagation of submerged plants is the key and difficult step. In this paper, the effect of vermiculite on the growth process of Vallisneria spiralis and sediment microenvironment were investigated, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the application of vermiculite in aquatic ecological restoration. Results of growth indexes demonstrated that 5% and 10% vermiculite treatment groups statistically promote the growth of Vallisneria spiralis compared to the control. Meanwhile, the results of ecophysiological indexes showed that photosynthetic pigment, soluble sugar content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity of 5% and 10% group were increased compared with the control while the malondialdehyde (MDA) content exhibited the opposite result (p < 0.05), which illustrated that vermiculite can improve the resistance of plants and delay the aging process of Vallisneria spiralis. In addition, result of PCA (Principal Component Analysis) demonstrated 5% and 10% group has improved the sediment physical conditions and create more ecological niche for microorganisms directly, and then promoted the growth of plants. The dissolution results showed that vermiculite can dissolve the constant and trace elements needed for plant growth. Furthermore, the addition of vermiculite increased the diversity of microorganisms in the sediments, and promoted the increase of plant growth-promoting bacteria and phosphorus-degrading bacteria. This study could provide a technique reference for the further application of vermiculite in the field of ecological restoration.     

Long-term winter observation of nitrous acid in the urban area of Beijing

The particulate matter (PM) pollution has been significantly improved by carrying out various valid emission control strategies since 2013 in China. Meanwhile the variation trend of nitrous acid (HONO) is worthy to investigate due to its vital role in the atmospheric oxidation process. In this study, field observation in the winter is conducted to investigate the concentration of HONO in an urban area of Beijing. In the winter of 2019, the mean HONO concentration is 1.38 ppbV during the whole winter. Photo-enhanced NO₂ heterogeneous reactions on the ground and aerosol surfaces were found as the possible daytime sources of HONO. Compared to O₃, photolysis of HONO dominates the primary OH sources during the winter time. To understand the HONO pollution patterns by years variation, multi-year data is summarized and finds that primary pollutants including CO and NO decreased, but secondary pollutants i.e., HONO (mostly generated via secondary process) increased. Our study highlights the requirement to mitigate secondary pollution by control HONO concentration.