排序方式: 共有67条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
21.
污泥中重金属生物沥滤的工艺参数优选和反应机制探讨 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
筛选污泥生物沥滤中硫杆菌混合菌液的最佳接种量,并对生物沥滤的重金属形态变化和酸化过程等进行探讨.结果表明,采用2%接种量时,污泥中Cu Cu2 ,Pb2 和Zn2 可在4~6d达到与高接种量相同的沥出效率,沥出率分别为96 5%,41 4%和82 9%.Cu Cu2 从污泥中的沥出主要是通过直接机制由硫化物转变为交换态,Pb2 的沥出主要是由直接机制和间接机制的共同作用将碳酸盐结合态和硫化物结合态转变为交换态,而大部分Zn2 通过间接机制由有机结合态和碳酸盐结合态沥出.污泥在硫杆菌的产酸作用下,pH值呈下降趋势,最终稳定在1 6左右.另外分析了沥滤液中NH 3 N变4 N、NO-化以说明生物沥滤过程中污泥细胞的水解情况. 相似文献
22.
23.
Dioxin-like compounds in agricultural soils near e-waste recycling sites from Taizhou area, China: chemical and bioanalytical characterization 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Shen C Chen Y Huang S Wang Z Yu C Qiao M Xu Y Setty K Zhang J Zhu Y Lin Q 《Environment international》2009,35(1):50-55
The crude recycling of electronic and electric waste (e-waste) is now creating a new set of environmental problems especially in developing countries such as China. The present study aimed to characterize the dioxin-like compounds in Taizhou area, one of the largest e-waste recycling centers in China, using both chemical analysis and in vitro bioassay. Agricultural soil samples were screened for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activity with EROD bioassay in H4IIE cells, and the concentrations of the target AhR agonists including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined by instruments. The bioassay-derived TCDD equivalents (TEQ(bio)) and the chemical-calculated TCDD equivalents (TEQ(cal)) were then compared, and mass balance analysis was conducted to identify the contributors of the observed response. Raw soil extracts from all locations induced significant AhR activities, where the TEQ(bio) ranged from 5.3 to 210 pg/g dry weight soil (pg/g dw). The total concentrations of 17 PCDD/Fs, 36 PCBs and 16 PAHs varied from 210 to 850 pg/g dw, 11 to 100 ng/g dw, and 330 to 20,000 ng/g dw, respectively. Profile characterization of the target analytes revealed that there were similar sources originating from the crude dismantling of electric power equipments and the open burning of e-waste. There was a significant relationship between TEQ(cal) and TEQ(bio) (r=0.99, p<0.05). Based on the mass balance analysis, PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PAHs could account for the observed AhR responses in vitro elicited by soil extracts, though their respective contributions varied depending on sample location. In this study, the combination of chemical analysis and bioanalytical measurements proved valuable for screening, identifying and prioritizing the causative agents within complex environmental matrices. 相似文献
24.
25.
转Bt基因克螟稻秸杆对淹水土壤细菌群落的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
在实验室条件下通过秸杆还土试验比较了克螟稻Bt基因表达最高期秸杆和同一时期亲本稻秸杆的添加对淹水土壤可培养厌氧细菌数量和细菌群落组成的影响 .结果表明 ,与亲本对照相比 ,培养初期克螟稻秸杆的添加对淹水土壤厌氧发酵性细菌、产氢产乙酸细菌、反硝化细菌和产甲烷细菌的数量产生了显著性影响 ,但培养后期这种显著性差异基本消失 .PCR 变性梯度凝胶电泳 (DGGE)指纹图谱和主成份分析 (PCA)结果表明 ,两种秸杆处理土壤细菌群落组成在培养的第 3周和第 5周达到显著性差异 ,随着培养时间的延伸 ,两种秸杆处理土壤间细菌群落组成的差异逐渐减小 .到培养的第 1 1周 ,两种秸杆处理土壤间细菌群落组成的差异基本消失 .尽管如此 ,在培养的整个过程中 ,秸杆处理土壤中可培养厌氧性细菌数量和土壤细菌群落的组成均与纯土对照存在显著性差异 .试验结果表明 ,在实验室培养的条件下 ,没有观察到转Bt基因克螟稻秸杆对淹水土壤微生物明显的长期负面影响 相似文献
26.
基于自组织映射与哈斯图方法的地表水水质评价研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
地表水水质评价是水资源管理与保护中的非常重要的问题.本研究主要目的是应用自组织映射(Self-Organizing Map,SOM)与哈斯图方法(Hasse Diagram Technique,HDT)对地表水水质监测数据集进行分类、建模、解释与评估.以西苕溪流域为例,对其50个断面于2010年6月-2011年5月进行月频率的水质监测.应用SOM分析发现,水质参数可分成10个聚类组,反映了西苕溪流域水质丰、平与枯水期特征,pH、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)在各个水期变化不大;溶解氧(DO)在枯水期与平水期相对较高,水质具有一定的自净能力;丰水期的氨氮(NH4+-N)、总氮(TN)与总磷(TP)值相对较小;西苕溪流域TN:TP(氮磷质量比)平均为46,监测期间变幅较大为2~482,监测期内有66.7%的水质样本处于磷限制状态,仅有3.2%处于氮限制状态,存在氮限制与磷限制交替出现的状态,表明流域总体处于磷限制状态.选取CODMn、NH4+-N、TN 与TP指标进行HDT综合分析,反映流域上游水质较好,中、下游水质相对较差;敏感性分析结果表明,CODMn敏感性数值最大为235,其次是TN为156,、NH4+-N与TP分别是61与34,表明西苕溪流域的CODMn、TN存在较大的环境风险.建议在西苕溪流域即将开展的环境整治与规划时应考虑开发相关的削减技术与制定相关措施政策以减少CODMn、TN污染. 相似文献
27.
铜、镉及其交互作用对泡泡草细胞超微结构的影响 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
为了解铜、镉对泡泡草根、茎、叶细胞亚显微结构的毒害及作用位点 ,以期为进一步研究鸭跖草属植物的耐重金属机理提供理论基础 ,本文通过透射电子显微技术研究了 75 μmol·L-1铜和 5 0 μmol·L-1镉及其交互污染对泡泡草根、茎、叶细胞超微结构的影响和铜、镉在细胞中的分布 .结果表明 :75 μmol·L-1铜和 5 0 μmol·L-1镉均对泡泡草根细胞造成明显损伤 .铜使根细胞产生质壁分离、细胞质浓缩、部分细胞空泡化 ,使线粒体脊突消失、结构模糊、外膜破坏 ;镉使根细胞空泡化 ,并在部分空泡化的细胞里产生大小不等的颗粒状物 ;铜、镉交互污染使根细胞受害程度加深 ,并兼有两者的受害症状特征 :线粒体结构彻底破坏、空泡化细胞里的颗粒物更大电子密度更高、质壁分离现象更普遍、质膜上的颗粒物沉淀更大 .铜、镉及其交互污染使泡泡草茎细胞产生质壁分离 ,对叶细胞无明显伤害 .所以铜、镉及其交互作用在试验浓度下 ,对泡泡草各器官的损伤程度为根 >茎 >叶 . 相似文献
28.
采用酸性溶胶法合成TiO2 膨润土纳米复合光催化剂 ,并研究其光催化降解阳离子偶氮染料 .X射线衍射 (XRD)分析表明 ,TiO2 膨润土纳米复合物的d0 0 1衍射角为 9 0 6° .该复合催化剂具有较高的光催化降解有机污染物的活性 ,随着光照时间的延长 ,阳离子红GTL的特征峰 490 5nm强度逐渐减弱 ,最后它的特征峰可彻底消失 ,GTL的偶氮键是最活跃的化学键 ,它易于被氧化断键 .该复合催化剂的催化活性受溶液的pH影响较大 ,在中性和碱性条件下其光催化活性更强 .适量的过氧化氢可以加速光催化氧化反应 ,但过量的H2 O2 却抑制了羟基自由基的生成 ,从而使H2 O2 的利用效率下降 ,在本实验条件下其最佳用量是 6mmol L . 相似文献
29.
Effect of nitrification inhibitor DMPP on nitrogen leaching, nitrifying
organisms, and enzyme activities in a rice-oilseed rape cropping system 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
LI Hu LIANG Xinqiang CHEN Yingxu LIAN Yanfeng TIAN Guangming NI Wuzhong 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2008,20(2):149-155
DMPP (3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate) has been used to reduce nitrogen (N) loss from leaching or denitrification and to improve N supply in agricultural land. However, its impact on soil nitrifying organisms and enzyme activities involved in N cycling is largely unknown. Therefore, an on-farm experiment, for two years, has been conducted, to elucidate the effects of DMPP on mineral N (NH4^+- N and NO3^--N) leaching, nitrifying organisms, and denitrifying enzymes in a rice-oilseed rape cropping system. Three treatments including urea alone (UA), urea + 1% DMPP (DP), and no fertilizer (CK), have been carded out. The results showed that DP enhanced the mean NH4^+-N concentrations by 19.1%-24.3%, but reduced the mean NO3^--N concentrations by 44.9%-56.6% in the leachate, under a two-year rice-rape rotation, compared to the UA treatment. The population of ammonia oxidizing bacteria, the activity of nitrate reductase, and nitrite reductase in the DP treatment decreased about 24.5%-30.9%, 14.9%-43.5%, and 14.7%-31.6%, respectively, as compared to the UA treatment. However, nitrite oxidizing bacteria and hydroxylamine reductase remained almost unaffected by DMPP. It is proposed that DMPP has the potential to either reduce NO3^--N leaching by inhibiting ammonia oxidization or N losses from denitrification, which is in favor of the N conversations in the rice-oilseed rape cropping system. 相似文献