Biological and chemical tools in the toxicological risk assessment of Jarama River, Madrid, Spain

Four river water samples (R) and three sewage samples (S) were collected at different points in the Jarama River, Spain. Organic concentrates were tested on the RTG-2 in vitro cytotoxicity test and analyzed by HPLC and GC/MS. The cytotoxicity assessment demonstrated a progressive increase in the toxicity of the river water when moving downstream. A wide range, from slightly harmful to highly toxic, was observed for sewage samples. The most toxic samples produced decreases of 95% to 100% in the ATP content, cell viability and cell detachment (a parameter to estimate mortality). The most toxic organic concentrates (the sewage from an urban + industrial effluent collected in Paracuellos, Madrid, Spain, and the river 100 m downstream from the discharge of this effluent) were fractioned by an HPLC system. Each chromatographic peak was collected as a fraction of the whole concentrate. The cytotoxicity of each fraction was also assessed on RTG-2 cells. A toxic peak with a retention time of 38.3 min was detected in both samples; this time belongs to the PAHs retention time interval under our chromatographic conditions. Analytical procedures identified fluorene (0.62 microg/l) and benz(a)anthracene (0.44 microg/l) in the sewage and anthracene (0.40 microg/l) and benz(a)anthracene (0.14 microg/l) in the river water. However, the observed cytotoxicity could not be explained by the PAH concentrations. Five additional toxic peaks were observed in each sample. Results suggest that the combination of HPLC with cost-effective toxicity tests produces a useful tool to define environmental management decisions when the chemical analysis cannot identify the substances responsible for the environmental risk.     

Differences in responses to urban air pollutants by Ligustrum lucidum Ait. and Ligustrum lucidum Ait. f. tricolor (Rehd.) Rehd

This study examined the chemical response of Ligustrum lucidum Ait. and Ligustrum lucidum Ait. f. tricolor (Rehd.) Rehd. when exposed to different sources of atmospheric pollutants. Dry weight/fresh weight ratio, specific leaf area (SLA), sulfur content, chlorophyll concentration, carotenoids, soluble proteins, malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydroperoxy conjugated dienes (HPCD) were determined for leaf samples taken from different sites in the city of Córdoba, Argentina. These sites were categorized in terms of their traffic levels and industrial levels. Both L. lucidum as well as L. lucidum f. tricolor accumulated sulfur in their leaves in sites with high traffic levels, the former being the most sensitive to this type of pollution. Ligustrum lucidum exhibited significantly low concentrations of soluble proteins, in sites with high industrial pollution levels. Ligustrum lucidum f. tricolor did not exhibit a significant response to industrial pollution.     

居室生活新主张

居室是休闲的场所，环保是时尚的话题，现代休闲生活没有环保的品质，那简直是不可想象。这方面，讲究生活品质的人士很有心得，居室生活是他们倡导生活品质的第一站。让我们一起来分享他们的环保居室新生活主张。[编者按]     

Re-Os同位素体系在地球科学中的应用

在汇总本世纪六十年代以来国际上Re Os同位素地质学主要文献的基础上 ,概括总结了Re Os同位素地质学几十年来的研究成果。系统地介绍了Re Os同位素体系在地质年代学和示踪研究方面的应用。阐明了Re Os地质年代学的定年原理、实验技术、优势 ,以及应注意的问题 ;归纳总结了Re Os在陨石、大陆壳和地幔等不同储库中的丰度、分布及演化特征 ;回顾了近年来Re Os同位素体系在陆壳演化、洋岛玄武岩和地幔羽成因及陨石撞击等示踪研究方面的工作和进展。     

Freeliving marine nematodes as a pollution indicator of the Bohai Sea

A hierarchical diversity index-taxonomic distinctness index Δ , which was first defined by Warwick and Clark in 1998, was　employed to evaluate the pollution status of the Bohal Sea with freeliving marine nematodes. The result showed that the Bohal Bay and other　coastal sampling sites might be affected by oil and gas production and other anthropogenic influences. In other words, anthropogenic disturbance　was affecting this component of the benthos in these locations. And most offshore sampling sites in the middle of the Bohai Sea were clear and　unpolluted.     

燃烧法在草浆碱回收中的优化应用

碱法制浆黑液污染治理的根本出路是碱回收。燃烧是碱回收的主要技术手段。本文从碱回收理论与应用实践结合出发，对燃烧法草浆碱回收的工艺，设备及运行条件进行了具体分析，并提出了有针对性的改进措施，以供参考。     

低速下不同类型机动车暴露声级和最大声级的测定

本文叙述了对低速下不同类型机动车暴露声级 (LAE)和最大声级 (LmaxF)的测试 ,给出了测试结果 ,并对结果进行了讨论     

活性炭吸附法治理含甲硫醇恶臭气体

研究了IVP活性炭吸附法处理含低浓度甲硫醇恶臭气体的适用性。在实验室用IVP活性炭对单一组分甲硫醇进行了吸附试验，测得平均穿透吸附容量为11％。在某炼厂污水处理场，针对表曝池逸散废气中的主要恶臭污染物甲硫醇进行了吸附试验，测得穿透吸附容量为16．4％，穿透时的去除率接近100％。而其它普通气相用活性炭对甲硫醇的穿透吸附容量只有4.0％～6．5％左右。可见IVP活性炭是处理含甲硫醇恶臭气体较好的活性炭之一。     

Detoxification of aqueous solutions of the pesticide “Sevnol” by solar photocatalysis

The solar photodegradation of Sevnol, a commercial pesticide, based on carbaryl as active principle, was studied. Experiments have been carried out at laboratory and at pilot plant scale using titanium dioxide as catalyst. Complete dissappearance of carbaryl was achieved, while total mineralisation required longer irradiation. Active sludge respirometry showed significant detoxification of the solution. Finally, results obtained with commercial Sevnol were consistent with those of pure carbaryl, although the reaction was slower.