脉冲放电烟气脱硫脱硝技术研究进展

综述了脉冲放电等离子体烟气脱硫脱硝技术的发展历史、研究现状、进展及其存在的问题.     

曝气生物滤池处理焦化废水脱氮的研究

用曝气生物滤池处理焦化废水的研究表明,在曝气量(Q)=0.25L/min,温度(T)=20℃,pH=8,反冲洗周期为3个运行周期内,NH3-N的去除速率达44 mg/L·h.同时在滤池中出现了亚硝酸盐积累现象,且受反冲洗的影响较大.     

生物质废弃物催化裂解制备富氢燃气实验研究

由生物质废弃物催化裂解制取氢气是一种可再生的制氢方法，本研究采用2段加热管式反应器，前段装生物质，后段装催化剂，用以研究生物质催化裂解制取氢气的特性，并提出潜在氢产率的概念对生物质制氢的经济技术可行性进行深入的分析。测试的3种生物质废弃物为：松木粉、木质素和纤维素，测试温度为600～700℃。实验结果表明，加入催化剂后3种物料的产氢率从5．48～15．06g／kg增加到12．94～37．73g／kg；催化剂对潜在产氢率的影响较小，加入催化剂前后的变化范围为：36、25～98、86g／kg到37．40～116．98g／kg。生物质废弃物催化裂解产氢率与相同温度下空气-水蒸气气化的氢产率相当，实验结果证明，生物质废弃物催化裂解是一种有效的制氢方法。     

SBR法降解有机物规律的研究

本研究是以处理啤酒废水的试验为基础展开的。试验结果进一步验证了SBR法具有简易,快速、低耗等优点。除此之外,还得出以下结论:增加间歇反应时起始污泥浓度可以提高处理效率或减少反应时间;非限制曝气方式耐冲击负荷,需氧均匀,能缩短反应周期;间歇反应中微生物细胞的合成代谢占主导地位,对氮与磷的需要量大于传统的理论值。本文还指出SBR法是很适合我国国情的一种废水处理工艺,应当加强对它的研究和推广应用。     

水污染·水资源·对策

本文详细论述了中国和世界的水资源状况，并论述了中国的水资源短缺状况、中国用水的优劣势，以及如何解决中国水资源短缺的措施和基本战略。     

Comparison of microbial community between two shallow freshwater lakes in middle Yangtze basin, East China

In order to investigate the role of the microbial community in aquatic ecology and nutrient transformations in the development of eutrophication in large shallow freshwater lakes along Yangtze River, the microbial community in the depth-related sediment in Lake Chaohu and Lake Longganhu were compared. Lake Chaohu is one of the three most polluted lakes in China. However, the neighboring Lake Longganhu, a mesotrophic lake, is relatively pristine. The total phosphorous (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) concentration in water was detected at 0.193 mgl(-1) and 3.035 mgl(-1) for Lake Chaohu, 0.051 mgl(-1) and 0.774 mgl(-1) for Lake Longganhu, respectively. The population of the microorganisms with various ecological nutrient transforming functions (e.g. phosphate solubilizing, denitrifying and cellulose decomposing) and a batch of environmental parameters concerning the nutrient accumulating and transforming (e.g. total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorous concentrations) were assayed in the depth-related sediment samples from several defined points in both lakes. The sediment samples from Lake Chaohu showed higher density of actinomycetes (P<0.05) and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (P<0.001) and less profusion of denitrifying bacteria (P<0.05) and cellulolytic microbes (P<0.001), compared with those of Lake Longganhu. The data suggested that the current microbial community in the sediment of Lake Chaohu is in favor of sustaining or further accelerating the process of the lake eutrophication. A possible positive feedback loop which consists of sustained growth of microorganisms and gradual decline of lake eutrophic status is worth further discussing.     

印刷线路板废弃物的热解与动力学实验研究

分别应用管式炉反应器和热重分析手段对印刷线路板废弃物的热解行为和热解动力学进行了实验研究。在管式炉中，研究不同的热解温度：700～950℃，对产物分布和气体成分分布的影响。实验结果表明：PCB热解气体的主要成分是H2和CO2，气体的热值较低，仅为2．09～5．41MJ/m^3，PCB不适合以气体产物为目标的能源利用方式。应用Friedman方法对PCB的热解动力学进行了研究，求得PCB的热解动力学参数分别是：表观活化能190．92kJ/mol，反应级数5．97，指前因子lnA47．14min^-1。     

Effect of formaldehyde on biofilm activity and morphology in an ultracompact biofilm reactor for carbonaceous wastewater treatment.

The effects of formaldehyde on biofilm morphology and biomass activity were investigated in an ultracompact biofilm reactor (UCBR) for carbonaceous wastewater treatment. The wastewater contained a fixed amount of glucose (with a chemical oxygen demand concentration of 600 mg/L) and an increasing concentration of formaldehyde (ranging from 21.4 to 271.1 mg/L). An influent formaldehyde concentration higher than 75 mg/L could facilitate filamentous growth (on biofilm) control and lead to a higher biofilm density, which is desirable as it enhanced the UCBR performance stability. However, at an influent formaldehyde concentration higher than 214.4 mg/L, biomass production was inhibited and deteriorations of biofilm morphology and biomass activity were observed. This study showed that it was desirable to maintain an influent formaldehyde concentration lower than 202.2 mg/L, as this concentration could achieve a good biofilm morphology while not inhibiting its microbial activity.     

Sorption of arsenate and arsenite anions by iron(III)-poly(hydroxamic acid) complex

Iron(III)-poly(hydroxamic acid) resin complex has been studied for its sorption abilities with respect to arsenate and arsenite anions from an aqueous solution. The complex was found effective in removing the arsenate anion in the pH range of 2.0 to 5.5. The maximum sorption capacity was found to be 1.15 mmol/g. The sorption selectivity showed that arsenate sorption was not affected by chloride, nitrate and sulphate. The resin was tested and found effective for removal of arsenic ions from industrial wastewater samples.     

臭氧-曝气生物滤池处理酸性玫瑰红染料废水

在实验室配制含酸性玫瑰红染料的印染废水，采用臭氧氧化-曝气生物滤池工艺开展处理试验。试验运行结果表明，臭氧氧化处理能提高模拟废水的可生化性，BOD／COD值由原水的0．18上升到0．36。经组合工艺处理后出水COD〈40mg／L，色度40倍以下，SS约50mg／L，处理效果良好。